per capita GNP ($000) 1995 population 1995 (mn) Number of retail outlets (000) inhabitants per outlet Retail sales (Ecu bn) Retail sales per outlet (Ecu 000) Germany 27.5 81.9 415.3 196 373 898 France 25.0 58.1 343.4 169 292 850 UK 18.7 58.6 289.9 202 233 803 Italy 19.0 57.3 627.2 91 311 496 Spain 13.6 39.3 440.2 89 89 202 Netherlands 24.0 15.4 123.3 125 61 494 Belgium/Lux 25.7 10.6 110 92 33 300 Greece 8.2 10.4 170.7 61 25 147 Portugal 9.7 9.9 130.4 76 26 200 Sweden 23.8 8.8 52.8 167 29 547 Austria 26.9 8.1 37.7 214 31 822 Denmark 29.9 5.2 40.9 128 28 684 Finland 20.6 5.1 31.7 162 22 694 Ireland 14.7 3.6 35.9 101 12 334 EU15 Total 372.3 3236.5 115 1565 549 population 1995 (mn) number of food outlets 1996/7 (000)* inhabitants per outlet 1996/7 number of food outlets 1992/3 (000)** inhabitants per outlet 1992/3 Germany 81.9 73.6 1111 44 1883 France 58.1 34.8 1667 87 670 UK 58.6 33.9 1667 60 975 Italy 57.3 114.6 500 296 193 Spain 39.3 79 476 177 223 Netherlands 15.4 6 2500 21 748 Belgium/Lux 10.6 13 769 37 289 Greece 10.4 17.2 588 54 194 Portugal 9.9 27.3 344 53 188 Sweden 8.8 6.2 1428 14 609 Austria 8.1 7.2 1111 7 1157 Denmark 5.2 3.2 1667 12 446 Finland 5.1 4.1 1250 7 743 Ireland 3.6 9.5 370 9 383 EU15 Total 372.3 429.4 867 876 425 population (mn) number of enterprises (000) population per enterprise turnover (mn ecu) turnover per enterprise (000 ecu) EU15 372.3 2553 146 1261 494 USA 263.1 1530 171 1350 883 Japan 125.2 1519 82 682 449 % growth in total retail sales volume, 1990-94 value of food sales 1996 (1990=100) Austria n.a. 113.4 Belgium/Luxembourg 6.9 130.7 Denmark 6.4 123.8 Finland n.a. 95.2 France 5.8 113.4 Germany 6.5 111.4** Greece -10.8 147.2*** Ireland 12.0 130.1 Italy 1.0* 139.9 Netherlands 7.9 117.4 Portugal n.a. 180.3 Spain n.a. 132.5 Sweden n.a. 109.1 UK 8.6 140.0 Current Level* Change in recent years** Source % points period Austria 79 +14 1990-96 “Regal” 1997 Belgium/Luxembourg 57 +1 1988-92 AIM Denmark (78) “Food Business” Finland 96 +3 1990-96 Nielson, Finland, 1997 France 67.2 +7 1988-92 AIM Germany 75.2 +10 1988-92 AIM Greece (59) The Retail Pocket Book 1998 Ireland 50 Italy 30 Netherlands 79 0 1988-92 Portugal 52 Spain 38 +11 1988-92 AIM Sweden 87 +24 1985-96 Supermarket Svenska Detaljhandel, 1997, for Food and Daily Goods UK 67 +7 1988-92 AIM hypermarkets supermarkets others* 1996 change since 1980 1996 change since 1990 1996 Austria 12 +3 52 +11 36 Belgium/Luxembourg 16 - 70 +5 14 Denmark 17 n.a. 59 +8 24 Finland 22 n.a. 51 -1 27 France 51 +16 44 - 5 Germany 24 +8 52 +7 24 Greece 5 +5 51 n.a. 44 Ireland 12 n.a. 41 n.a. 47 Italy 13 +13 39 n.a. 48 Netherlands 5 +3 82 +7 13 Portugal 42 +42 28 +10 30 Spain 34 +22 25 +5 31 Sweden 13 n.a. 64 +4 23 UK 45 +29 42 +2 13 1996 1991 growth in share % of national turnover no. of stores % of national turnover no. of stores (% points) Austria 17 568 14 530 3 Belgium/Luxembourg 25 762 18 587 7 Denmark 20 739 15 544 5 Finland 12 820 10 760 2 France 7 1940 1 436 6 Germany 30 12130 24 8290 6 Greece n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Ireland n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Italy 10 2360 .. 60 10 Netherlands 13 607 10 482 3 Portugal 9 314 2 30 7 Spain 9 2315 5 1180 4 Sweden 11 305 6 166 5 UK 11 1440 6 1129 5 number of franchisors number of franchisees 1993 1994 1993 1994 Austria 80 170 2500 2700 Belgium/Luxembourg 90 135 3200 2495 Denmark 42 42 500 500 Finland .. .. .. .. France 500 500 30000 30000 Germany 370 420 15500 18000 Greece .. .. .. .. Ireland 20 .. .. .. Italy 318 361 16100 17500 Netherlands 331 340 12640 12120 Portugal 55 70 .. .. Spain 117 250 14500 20000 Sweden 200 200 900 900 UK 373 396 18100 24900 EU Total 2496 2884 113940 129115 1994 1991 1987 1981 Austria 47 Belgium/Luxembourg 35 0.1 Denmark 27 0.1 Finland 32 France 200 66 16 Germany 149 73 10 0.2 Greece Ireland 3 1 0.1 Italy 68 37 5 0.1 Netherlands 30 11 4 Portugal 44 3 Spain 115 50 2 Sweden 60 UK 180 60 8 0.1 EU Total 990 1997 1995* 1992* 1990** 1980** By leading retailers (1993/4) UK 42.3 29 25 31 22 Sainsbury 55; Tesco 46; Safeway 38; Asda 32. Belgium/Lux 24.9 22 16 Netherlands 19.1 16 16 France 18.2 16 16 20 11 Monoprix 28; Casino 25; Intermarche 23; Carrefour 22; Auchan 19; Leclerc 10 Denmark 13 Germany 12.6 11 6 24 15 Aldi 90; Metro 33; Tengelmann 18. Spain 10 8 9 2 Eroski 24; Pryca 20; Alcampo 15 Portugal 9 Austria 9 Finland 8 8 Sweden 8 8 Italy 6 4 Greece 3 Country of origin Sales (bn ecus) Nestle Switzerland 38.2 Food Ingredients Specialities Switzerland 38.1 Rewe Germany 14.6 Sandoz Nutrition Switzerland 10.7 Casino Guichard Perrachon France 9.5 Coop Valais Switzerland 7.3 Spar Handels Germany 6.9 Edeka Germany 6.3 Faellesforenigen for Danmarks Denmark 3.0 Booker Belmont UK 2.9 SEITA France 2.4 Nurdin & Peacock UK 2.0 Merkur Switzerland 2.0 Ramsvita Switzerland 2.0 Tengelmann Germany 1.8 Hofer & Curti Switzerland 1.7 Systeme U Centre Regional Ouest France 1.6 Schuitema Netherlands 1.4 Skandinavisk Holding Denmark 1.3 Fyffes Ireland 1.1 World food sales ($US bn) Total sales in EU food manufacturing (bn ecus) Markets in which firm is one of the 5 leaders (NACE 3 digit) Nestle 38.8 13.1 412,413,414,417,421,423,428 Philip Morris 33.4 11.3 413,417,421,423,429 Unilever 26.7 14.6 411,412,414,415,421 ConAgra 24.8 Pepsico 19.1 Cargill 18.7 2.4 411 Coca-Cola 18.0 1.8 428 Danone 14.2 8.9 427,428,423,413,417 419 Archer Daniels 13.3 Mars 13 3.1 421,422 Grand Metropolitan 12.7 2.4 413,424 IBP 12.7 Kinn 11.6 CPC International 9.8 1.6 418,423 Anheuser-Busch 9.6 Sara Lee 9.4 1.3 423 ABF 9.2 416,418,419,420 Heinz 9.1 1.5 423 Asahi Breweries 9.1 Eridania Beghin-Say 9.1 Nabisco 8.3 Novartis 8.1 Cadbury-Schweppes 7.7 3.0 428 Campbell Soup 7.7 Guinness 7.6 2.2 424,427