156 changed files with 2449 additions and 8635 deletions
--- a/.coveragerc
+++ b/.coveragerc
@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 [run]
 source = drf_yasg
 branch = True
 parallel = true
 disable_warnings = module-not-measured
 [report]
 # Regexes for lines to exclude from consideration
@ -16,14 +14,10 @@ exclude_lines =
    # Don't complain if tests don't hit defensive assertion code:
    raise AssertionError
    raise ImproperlyConfigured
    raise TypeError
    raise NotImplementedError
    warnings.warn
    logger.debug
    logger.info
    logger.warning
    logger.error
    return NotHandled
    # Don't complain if non-runnable code isn't run:
@ -34,8 +28,7 @@ exclude_lines =
    raise SwaggerGenerationError
 ignore_errors = True
-precision = 2
+precision = 0
 show_missing = True
 [paths]
 source =
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@ -1,9 +1,4 @@
 node_modules/
 testproj/db.sqlite3
 testproj/staticfiles
 \.pytest_cache/
 docs/\.doctrees/
 pip-wheel-metadata/
 # Created by .ignore support plugin (hsz.mobi)
 ### Python template
@ -161,3 +156,5 @@ com_crashlytics_export_strings.xml
 crashlytics.properties
 crashlytics-build.properties
 fabric.properties
 testproj/db\.sqlite3
--- a/.idea/codeStyles/Project.xml
+++ b/.idea/codeStyles/Project.xml
@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
 <component name="ProjectCodeStyleConfiguration">
  <code_scheme name="Project" version="173">
    <codeStyleSettings language="Python">
      <option name="SOFT_MARGINS" value="120" />
    </codeStyleSettings>
  </code_scheme>
 </component>
--- a/.idea/codeStyles/codeStyleConfig.xml
+++ b/.idea/codeStyles/codeStyleConfig.xml
@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
 <component name="ProjectCodeStyleConfiguration">
  <state>
    <option name="USE_PER_PROJECT_SETTINGS" value="true" />
  </state>
 </component>
--- a/.idea/drf-yasg.iml
+++ b/.idea/drf-yasg.iml
@ -4,45 +4,32 @@
    <facet type="django" name="Django">
      <configuration>
        <option name="rootFolder" value="$MODULE_DIR$/testproj" />
-        <option name="settingsModule" value="testproj/settings/local.py" />
+        <option name="settingsModule" value="testproj/settings.py" />
        <option name="manageScript" value="manage.py" />
        <option name="environment" value="&lt;map/&gt;" />
        <option name="doNotUseTestRunner" value="false" />
        <option name="trackFilePattern" value="migrations" />
      </configuration>
    </facet>
  </component>
  <component name="NewModuleRootManager">
    <content url="file://$MODULE_DIR$">
      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$" isTestSource="false" />
      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/src" isTestSource="false" />
      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/testproj" isTestSource="false" />
      <excludeFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/.cache" />
      <excludeFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/.eggs" />
      <excludeFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/.pytest_cache" />
      <excludeFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/.tox" />
      <excludeFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/build" />
      <excludeFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/dist" />
      <excludeFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/docs/.doctrees" />
      <excludeFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/docs/_build" />
      <excludeFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/htmlcov" />
      <excludeFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/src/drf_yasg.egg-info" />
      <excludeFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/venv" />
    </content>
-    <orderEntry type="jdk" jdkName="Python 3 (drf-yasg)" jdkType="Python SDK" />
+    <orderEntry type="jdk" jdkName="Python 3.6 (drf-yasg)" jdkType="Python SDK" />
    <orderEntry type="sourceFolder" forTests="false" />
    <orderEntry type="library" name="immutable" level="application" />
  </component>
  <component name="TemplatesService">
    <option name="TEMPLATE_CONFIGURATION" value="Django" />
    <option name="TEMPLATE_FOLDERS">
      <list>
-        <option value="$MODULE_DIR$/src/drf_yasg/templates" />
+        <option value="$MODULE_DIR$/drf_yasg/templates" />
        <option value="$MODULE_DIR$/testproj/testproj/templates" />
      </list>
    </option>
  </component>
  <component name="TestRunnerService">
-    <option name="projectConfiguration" value="pytest" />
+    <option name="projectConfiguration" value="py.test" />
-    <option name="PROJECT_TEST_RUNNER" value="pytest" />
+    <option name="PROJECT_TEST_RUNNER" value="py.test" />
  </component>
 </module>
--- a/.idea/encodings.xml
+++ b/.idea/encodings.xml
@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <project version="4">
  <component name="Encoding" addBOMForNewFiles="with NO BOM" />
 </project>
--- a/.idea/inspectionProfiles/Project_Default.xml
+++ b/.idea/inspectionProfiles/Project_Default.xml
@ -10,12 +10,11 @@
    <inspection_tool class="PyCompatibilityInspection" enabled="true" level="WARNING" enabled_by_default="true">
      <option name="ourVersions">
        <value>
-          <list size="5">
+          <list size="4">
            <item index="0" class="java.lang.String" itemvalue="2.7" />
            <item index="1" class="java.lang.String" itemvalue="3.4" />
            <item index="2" class="java.lang.String" itemvalue="3.5" />
            <item index="3" class="java.lang.String" itemvalue="3.6" />
            <item index="4" class="java.lang.String" itemvalue="3.7" />
          </list>
        </value>
      </option>
@ -55,6 +54,11 @@
      </option>
    </inspection_tool>
    <inspection_tool class="PyShadowingNamesInspection" enabled="false" level="WEAK WARNING" enabled_by_default="false" />
    <inspection_tool class="PyUnusedLocalInspection" enabled="false" level="WEAK WARNING" enabled_by_default="false">
      <option name="ignoreTupleUnpacking" value="true" />
      <option name="ignoreLambdaParameters" value="true" />
      <option name="ignoreLoopIterationVariables" value="true" />
    </inspection_tool>
    <inspection_tool class="SpellCheckingInspection" enabled="false" level="TYPO" enabled_by_default="false">
      <option name="processCode" value="true" />
      <option name="processLiterals" value="true" />
--- a/.idea/jsLibraryMappings.xml
+++ b/.idea/jsLibraryMappings.xml
@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <project version="4">
  <component name="JavaScriptLibraryMappings">
    <file url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$" libraries="{immutable}" />
  </component>
 </project>
--- a/.idea/misc.xml
+++ b/.idea/misc.xml
@ -69,8 +69,5 @@
      <textMaps />
    </LinkMapSettings>
  </component>
-  <component name="ProjectRootManager" version="2" project-jdk-name="Python 3 (drf-yasg)" project-jdk-type="Python SDK" />
+  <component name="ProjectRootManager" version="2" project-jdk-name="Python 3.6 (drf-yasg)" project-jdk-type="Python SDK" />
-  <component name="PythonCompatibilityInspectionAdvertiser">
+</project>
    <option name="version" value="3" />
  </component>
 </project>
--- a/.readthedocs.yml
+++ b/.readthedocs.yml
@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
 requirements_file: requirements/docs.txt
 build:
  image: latest
 python:
  version: 3.6
  setup_py_install: false
  pip_install: true  # need this for correct pyproject.toml handling
  extra_requirements:
    - validation
 # extra formats in addition to the default HTML web docs
 formats:
    - pdf
--- a/.travis.yml
+++ b/.travis.yml
@ -1,30 +1,56 @@
 language: python
 python:
  - '3.6'
  - '3.7'
  - '3.8'
 dist: xenial
 cache: pip
 python:
 - '2.7'
 - '3.4'
 - '3.5'
 - '3.6'
 - '3.7-dev'
 env:
 - DRF=3.7
 install:
 - pip install -r requirements/ci.txt
 before_script:
 - coverage erase
 script:
 - tox
 after_success:
 - codecov
 branches:
  only:
    - master
    - /^release\/.*$/
    - /^v?\d+\.\d+(\.\d+)?(-?\S+)?$/
 notifications:
  email:
    on_success: always
    on_failure: always
 jobs:
  fast_finish: true
 matrix:
  include:
-    - python: '3.6'
+    - stage: test
      python: '3.5'
      env: TOXENV=docs
-    - python: '3.7'
+    -
-      env: TOXENV=djmaster
+      python: '2.7'
-    - python: '3.7'
+      env: TOXENV=flake8
-      env: TOXENV=lint
+    -
      python: '3.6'
      env: DRF=master
    - stage: publish
      python: '3.6'
      before_script:
        # workaround for Travis' inability to build PEP517 projects; anything added to build-system.requires
        # will also have to be added here until Travis implements this
        - pip install setuptools-scm
      script: skip
-      env: PYPI_DEPLOY=true
+      env: 
      deploy: &pypi
        provider: pypi
        user: cvijdea
@ -32,38 +58,13 @@ matrix:
          secure: 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
        on:
          tags: true
-        distributions: "sdist bdist_wheel"
+        distributions: sdist
  allow_failures:
-    - env: TOXENV=lint
+    - env: TOXENV=flake8
-    - env: TOXENV=djmaster
+    - env: DRF=master
-
+    - python: '3.7-dev'
  fast_finish: true
 install:
  - python -m pip install -U pip setuptools
  - pip install -r requirements/ci.txt
 before_script:
  - coverage erase
 script:
  - tox
 after_success:
  - |
    if [[ -z "$TOXENV" && -z "$PYPI_DEPLOY" ]]; then
      coverage combine || true
      coverage report
      codecov
    fi
 stages:
  - test
-  - name: publish
+  - publish
    if: tag IS present
 notifications:
  email:
    on_success: always
    on_failure: always
--- a/CONTRIBUTING.rst
+++ b/CONTRIBUTING.rst
@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 Contributing
 ############
-Contributions are always welcome and appreciated! Here are some ways you can contribute.
+Contributions are always welcome and appreciated! Here are some ways you can contribut.
 ******
 Issues
@ -27,56 +27,45 @@ Pull requests
 You want to contribute some code? Great! Here are a few steps to get you started:
-#. **Fork the repository on GitHub**
+#. Fork the repository on GitHub
-#. **Clone your fork and create a branch for the code you want to add**
+#. Clone your fork and create a branch for the code you want to add
-#. **Create a new virtualenv and install the package in development mode**
+#. Create a new virtualenv and install the package in development mode
   .. code:: console
      $ virtualenv venv
      $ source venv/bin/activate
-      (venv) $ python -m pip install -U pip setuptools
+      (venv) $ pip install -e .[validation]
-      (venv) $ pip install -U -e .[validation]
+      (venv) $ pip install -rrequirements/dev.txt -rrequirements/test.txt
      (venv) $ pip install -U -r requirements/dev.txt
-#. **Make your changes and check them against the test project**
+#. Make your changes and check them against the test project
   .. code:: console
      (venv) $ cd testproj
      (venv) $ python manage.py migrate
      (venv) $ cat createsuperuser.py | python manage.py shell
      (venv) $ python manage.py runserver
-      (venv) $ firefox localhost:8000/swagger/
+      (venv) $ curl localhost:8000/swagger.yaml
-#. **Update the tests if necessary**
+#. Update the tests if necessary
   You can find them in the ``tests`` directory.
-   If your change modifies the expected schema output, you should regenerate the reference schema at
+   If your change modifies the expected schema output, you should download the new generated ``swagger.yaml``, diff it
-   ``tests/reference.yaml``:
+   against the old reference output in ``tests/reference.yaml``, and replace it after checking that no unexpected
   changes appeared.
 #. Run tests. The project is setup to use tox and pytest for testing
   .. code:: console
      (venv) $ python testproj/manage.py generate_swagger tests/reference.yaml --overwrite --user admin --url http://test.local:8002/
   After checking the git diff to verify that no unexpected changes appeared, you should commit the new
   ``reference.yaml`` together with your changes.
 #. **Run tests. The project is setup to use tox and pytest for testing**
   .. code:: console
      # install test dependencies
      (venv) $ pip install -U -r requirements/test.txt
      # run tests in the current environment, faster than tox
-      (venv) $ pytest -n auto --cov
+      (venv) $ pytest --cov
      # (optional) sort imports with isort and check flake8 linting
      (venv) $ isort --apply
      (venv) $ flake8 src/drf_yasg testproj tests setup.py
      # (optional) run tests for other python versions in separate environments
      (venv) $ tox
-#. **Update documentation**
+#. Update documentation
   If the change modifies behaviour or adds new features, you should update the documentation and ``README.rst``
   accordingly. Documentation is written in reStructuredText and built using Sphinx. You can find the sources in the
@ -88,33 +77,10 @@ You want to contribute some code? Great! Here are a few steps to get you started
      (venv) $ tox -e docs
-#. **Push your branch and submit a pull request to the master branch on GitHub**
+#. Push your branch and submit a pull request to the master branch on GitHub
   Incomplete/Work In Progress pull requests are encouraged, because they allow you to get feedback and help more
   easily.
-#. **Your code must pass all the required travis jobs before it is merged**
+#. Your code must pass all the required travis jobs before it is merged. As of now, this includes running on
-
+   Python 2.7, 3.4, 3.5 and 3.6, and building the docs succesfully.
   As of now, this consists of running on Python 2.7, 3.5, 3.6 and 3.7, and building the docs succesfully.
 ******************
 Maintainer's notes
 ******************
 Release checklist
 =================
 * update ``docs/changelog.rst`` with changes since the last tagged version
 * commit & tag the release - ``git tag x.x.x -m "Release version x.x.x"``
 * push using ``git push --follow-tags``
 * verify that `Travis`_ has built the tag and succesfully published the release to `PyPI`_
 * publish release notes `on GitHub`_
 * start the `ReadTheDocs build`_ if it has not already started
 * deploy the live demo `on Heroku`_
 .. _Travis: https://travis-ci.org/axnsan12/drf-yasg/builds
 .. _PyPI: https://pypi.org/project/drf-yasg/
 .. _on GitHub: https://github.com/axnsan12/drf-yasg/releases
 .. _ReadTheDocs build: https://readthedocs.org/projects/drf-yasg/builds/
 .. _on Heroku: https://dashboard.heroku.com/pipelines/412d1cae-6a95-4f5e-810b-94869133f36a
--- a/LICENSE.rst
+++ b/LICENSE.rst
@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ License
 BSD 3-Clause License
 ********************
-Copyright (c) 2017 - 2019, Cristian V. <cristi@cvjd.me> |br|\ All rights reserved.
+Copyright (c) 2017, Cristian V. <cristi@cvjd.me> |br|\ All rights reserved.
 Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
--- a/MANIFEST.in
+++ b/MANIFEST.in
@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 include README.rst
 include LICENSE.rst
 include pyproject.toml
 recursive-include requirements *
 recursive-include src/drf_yasg/static *
 recursive-include src/drf_yasg/templates *
--- a/2
+++ b/2
@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
 release: python testproj/manage.py migrate
 web: gunicorn --chdir testproj testproj.wsgi --log-file -
--- a/README.rst
+++ b/README.rst
@ -7,49 +7,34 @@ drf-yasg - Yet another Swagger generator
 |travis| |nbsp| |codecov| |nbsp| |rtd-badge| |nbsp| |pypi-version|
 |bmac-button|
 Generate **real** Swagger/OpenAPI 2.0 specifications from a Django Rest Framework API.
 Compatible with
- **Django Rest Framework**: 3.8, 3.9, 3.10, 3.11
+- **Django Rest Framework**: 3.7
- **Django**: 1.11, 2.2, 3.0
+- **Django**: 1.11, 2.0
- **Python**: 2.7, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8
+- **Python**: 2.7, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6
-Only the latest patch version of each ``major.minor`` series of Python, Django and Django REST Framework is supported.
+**Source**: https://github.com/axnsan12/drf-yasg/
-**Only the latest version of drf-yasg is supported.** Support of old versions is dropped immediately with the release
+**Documentation**: https://drf-yasg.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
 of a new version. Please do not create issues before upgrading to the latest release available at the time. Regression
 reports are accepted and will be resolved with a new release as quickly as possible. Removed features will usually go
 through a deprecation cycle of a few minor releases.
 Resources:
 * **Source**: https://github.com/axnsan12/drf-yasg/
 * **Documentation**: https://drf-yasg.readthedocs.io/
 * **Changelog**: https://drf-yasg.readthedocs.io/en/stable/changelog.html
 * **Live demo**: https://drf-yasg-demo.herokuapp.com/
 |heroku-button|
 ********
 Features
 ********
- full support for nested Serializers and Schemas
+-  full support for nested Serializers and Schemas
- response schemas and descriptions
+-  response schemas and descriptions
- model definitions compatible with codegen tools
+-  model definitions compatible with codegen tools
- customization hooks at all points in the spec generation process
+-  customization hooks at all points in the spec generation process
- JSON and YAML format for spec
+-  JSON and YAML format for spec
- bundles latest version of
+-  bundles latest version of
-  `swagger-ui <https://github.com/swagger-api/swagger-ui>`_ and
+   `swagger-ui <https://github.com/swagger-api/swagger-ui>`__ and
-  `redoc <https://github.com/Rebilly/ReDoc>`_ for viewing the generated documentation
+   `redoc <https://github.com/Rebilly/ReDoc>`__ for viewing the generated documentation
- schema view is cacheable out of the box
+-  schema view is cacheable out of the box
- generated Swagger schema can be automatically validated by
+-  generated Swagger schema can be automatically validated by
-  `swagger-spec-validator <https://github.com/Yelp/swagger_spec_validator>`_
+   `swagger-spec-validator <https://github.com/Yelp/swagger_spec_validator>`__ or
- supports Django REST Framework API versioning with ``URLPathVersioning`` and ``NamespaceVersioning``; other DRF
+   `flex <https://github.com/pipermerriam/flex>`__
  or custom versioning schemes are not currently supported
 .. figure:: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/axnsan12/drf-yasg/1.0.2/screenshots/redoc-nested-response.png
   :width: 100%
@ -91,14 +76,14 @@ The preferred instalation method is directly from pypi:
 .. code:: console
-   pip install -U drf-yasg
+   pip install drf-yasg
 Additionally, if you want to use the built-in validation mechanisms (see `4. Validation`_), you need to install
 some extra requirements:
 .. code:: console
-   pip install -U drf-yasg[validation]
+   pip install drf-yasg[validation]
 .. _readme-quickstart:
@ -109,44 +94,44 @@ In ``settings.py``:
 .. code:: python
-   INSTALLED_APPS = [
+    INSTALLED_APPS = [
-      ...
+        ...
-      'drf_yasg',
+        'drf_yasg',
-      ...
+        ...
-   ]
+    ]
 In ``urls.py``:
 .. code:: python
-   ...
+    ...
-   from rest_framework import permissions
+    from drf_yasg.views import get_schema_view
-   from drf_yasg.views import get_schema_view
+    from drf_yasg import openapi
   from drf_yasg import openapi
-   ...
+    ...
-   schema_view = get_schema_view(
+    schema_view = get_schema_view(
-      openapi.Info(
+        openapi.Info(
-         title="Snippets API",
+            title="Snippets API",
-         default_version='v1',
+            default_version='v1',
-         description="Test description",
+            description="Test description",
-         terms_of_service="https://www.google.com/policies/terms/",
+            terms_of_service="https://www.google.com/policies/terms/",
-         contact=openapi.Contact(email="contact@snippets.local"),
+            contact=openapi.Contact(email="contact@snippets.local"),
-         license=openapi.License(name="BSD License"),
+            license=openapi.License(name="BSD License"),
-      ),
+        ),
-      public=True,
+        validators=['ssv', 'flex'],
-      permission_classes=(permissions.AllowAny,),
+        public=True,
-   )
+        permission_classes=(permissions.AllowAny,),
    )
-   urlpatterns = [
+    urlpatterns = [
-      url(r'^swagger(?P<format>\.json|\.yaml)$', schema_view.without_ui(cache_timeout=0), name='schema-json'),
+        url(r'^swagger(?P<format>.json|.yaml)$', schema_view.without_ui(cache_timeout=None), name='schema-json'),
-      url(r'^swagger/$', schema_view.with_ui('swagger', cache_timeout=0), name='schema-swagger-ui'),
+        url(r'^swagger/$', schema_view.with_ui('swagger', cache_timeout=None), name='schema-swagger-ui'),
-      url(r'^redoc/$', schema_view.with_ui('redoc', cache_timeout=0), name='schema-redoc'),
+        url(r'^redoc/$', schema_view.with_ui('redoc', cache_timeout=None), name='schema-redoc'),
-      ...
+        ...
-   ]
+    ]
-This exposes 4 endpoints:
+This exposes 4 cached, validated and publicly available endpoints:
 * A JSON view of your API specification at ``/swagger.json``
 * A YAML view of your API specification at ``/swagger.yaml``
@ -160,13 +145,12 @@ This exposes 4 endpoints:
 a. ``get_schema_view`` parameters
 ---------------------------------
- ``info`` - Swagger API Info object; if omitted, defaults to ``DEFAULT_INFO``
+- ``info`` - Required. Swagger API Info object
 - ``url`` - API base url; if left blank will be deduced from the location the view is served at
 - ``patterns`` - passed to SchemaGenerator
 - ``urlconf`` - passed to SchemaGenerator
 - ``public`` - if False, includes only endpoints the current user has access to
- ``validators`` - a list of validator names to apply on the generated schema; only ``ssv`` is currently supported
+- ``validators`` - a list of validator names to apply on the generated schema; allowed values are ``flex``, ``ssv``
 - ``generator_class`` - schema generator class to use; should be a subclass of ``OpenAPISchemaGenerator``
 - ``authentication_classes`` - authentication classes for the schema view itself
 - ``permission_classes`` - permission classes for the schema view itself
@ -182,17 +166,76 @@ b. ``SchemaView`` options
   but with optional caching
 -  you can, of course, call :python:`as_view` as usual
-All of the first 3 methods take two optional arguments, ``cache_timeout`` and ``cache_kwargs``; if present,
+All of the first 3 methods take two optional arguments,
-these are passed on to Django’s :python:`cached_page` decorator in order to enable caching on the resulting view.
+``cache_timeout`` and ``cache_kwargs``; if present, these are passed on
-See `3. Caching`_.
+to Django’s :python:`cached_page` decorator in order to enable caching on the
 resulting view. See `3. Caching`_.
 ----------------------------------------------
 c. ``SWAGGER_SETTINGS`` and ``REDOC_SETTINGS``
 ----------------------------------------------
 Additionally, you can include some more settings in your ``settings.py`` file.
-See https://drf-yasg.readthedocs.io/en/stable/settings.html for details.
+The possible settings and their default values are as follows:
 .. code:: python
    SWAGGER_SETTINGS = {
         # default inspector classes, see advanced documentation
         'DEFAULT_AUTO_SCHEMA_CLASS': 'drf_yasg.inspectors.SwaggerAutoSchema',
         'DEFAULT_FIELD_INSPECTORS': [
            'drf_yasg.inspectors.CamelCaseJSONFilter',
            'drf_yasg.inspectors.ReferencingSerializerInspector',
            'drf_yasg.inspectors.RelatedFieldInspector',
            'drf_yasg.inspectors.ChoiceFieldInspector',
            'drf_yasg.inspectors.FileFieldInspector',
            'drf_yasg.inspectors.DictFieldInspector',
            'drf_yasg.inspectors.SimpleFieldInspector',
            'drf_yasg.inspectors.StringDefaultFieldInspector',
         ],
         'DEFAULT_FILTER_INSPECTORS': [
            'drf_yasg.inspectors.CoreAPICompatInspector',
         ],
         'DEFAULT_PAGINATOR_INSPECTORS': [
            'drf_yasg.inspectors.DjangoRestResponsePagination',
            'drf_yasg.inspectors.CoreAPICompatInspector',
         ],
        'USE_SESSION_AUTH': True,  # add Django Login and Django Logout buttons, CSRF token to swagger UI page
        'LOGIN_URL': getattr(django.conf.settings, 'LOGIN_URL', None),  # URL for the login button
        'LOGOUT_URL': getattr(django.conf.settings, 'LOGOUT_URL', None),  # URL for the logout button
        # Swagger security definitions to include in the schema;
        # see https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification/blob/master/versions/2.0.md#security-definitions-object
        'SECURITY_DEFINITIONS': {
            'basic': {
                'type': 'basic'
            }
        },
        # url to an external Swagger validation service; defaults to 'http://online.swagger.io/validator/'
        # set to None to disable the schema validation badge in the UI
        'VALIDATOR_URL': '',
        # swagger-ui configuration settings, see https://github.com/swagger-api/swagger-ui/blob/112bca906553a937ac67adc2e500bdeed96d067b/docs/usage/configuration.md#parameters
        'OPERATIONS_SORTER': None,
        'TAGS_SORTER': None,
        'DOC_EXPANSION': 'list',
        'DEEP_LINKING': False,
        'SHOW_EXTENSIONS': True,
        'DEFAULT_MODEL_RENDERING': 'model',
        'DEFAULT_MODEL_DEPTH': 3,
    }
 .. code:: python
    REDOC_SETTINGS = {
        # ReDoc UI configuration settings, see https://github.com/Rebilly/ReDoc#redoc-tag-attributes
        'LAZY_RENDERING': True,
        'HIDE_HOSTNAME': False,
        'EXPAND_RESPONSES': 'all',
        'PATH_IN_MIDDLE': False,
    }
 3. Caching
 ==========
@ -203,16 +246,16 @@ caching the schema view in-memory, with some sane defaults:
 * caching is enabled by the `cache_page <https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/topics/cache/#the-per-view-cache>`__
  decorator, using the default Django cache backend, can be changed using the ``cache_kwargs`` argument
 * HTTP caching of the response is blocked to avoid confusing situations caused by being shown stale schemas
-* the cached schema varies on the ``Cookie`` and ``Authorization`` HTTP headers to enable filtering of visible endpoints
+* if `public` is set to ``False`` on the SchemaView, the cached schema varies on the ``Cookie`` and ``Authorization``
-  according to the authentication credentials of each user; note that this means that every user accessing the schema
+  HTTP headers to enable filtering of visible endpoints according to the authentication credentials of each user; note
-  will have a separate schema cached in memory.
+  that this means that every user accessing the schema will have a separate schema cached in memory.
 4. Validation
 =============
-Given the numerous methods to manually customize the generated schema, it makes sense to validate the result to ensure
+Given the numerous methods to manually customzie the generated schema, it makes sense to validate the result to ensure
 it still conforms to OpenAPI 2.0. To this end, validation is provided at the generation point using python swagger
-libraries, and can be activated by passing :python:`validators=['ssv']` to ``get_schema_view``; if the generated
+libraries, and can be activated by passing :python:`validators=['ssv', 'flex']` to ``get_schema_view``; if the generated
 schema is not valid, a :python:`SwaggerValidationError` is raised by the handling codec.
 **Warning:** This internal validation can slow down your server.
@ -235,7 +278,7 @@ Offline
 ^^^^^^^
 If your schema is not accessible from the internet, you can run a local copy of
-`swagger-validator <https://hub.docker.com/r/swaggerapi/swagger-validator/>`_ and set the ``VALIDATOR_URL`` accordingly:
+`swagger-validator <https://hub.docker.com/r/swaggerapi/swagger-validator/>`_ and set the `VALIDATOR_URL` accordingly:
 .. code:: python
@ -286,25 +329,47 @@ You can use the specification outputted by this library together with
 See the github page linked above for more details.
-.. _readme-testproj:
+**********
 Background
 **********
-6. Example project
+``OpenAPI 2.0``/``Swagger`` is a format designed to encode information about a Web API into an easily parsable schema
-==================
+that can then be used for rendering documentation, generating code, etc.
-For additional usage examples, you can take a look at the test project in the ``testproj`` directory:
+More details are available on `swagger.io <https://swagger.io/>`__ and on the `OpenAPI 2.0 specification
 page <https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification/blob/master/versions/2.0.md>`__.
-.. code:: console
+From here on, the terms “OpenAPI” and “Swagger” are used interchangeably.
-   $ git clone https://github.com/axnsan12/drf-yasg.git
+Swagger in Django Rest Framework
-   $ cd drf-yasg
+================================
-   $ virtualenv venv
+
-   $ source venv/bin/activate
+Since Django Rest 3.7, there is now `built in support <http://www.django-rest-framework.org/api-guide/schemas/>`__ for
-   (venv) $ cd testproj
+automatic OpenAPI 2.0 schema generation. However, this generation is based on the `coreapi <http://www.coreapi.org/>`__
-   (venv) $ python -m pip install -U pip setuptools
+standard, which for the moment is vastly inferior to OpenAPI in both features and tooling support. In particular,
-   (venv) $ pip install -U -r requirements.txt
+the OpenAPI codec/compatibility layer provided has a few major problems:
-   (venv) $ python manage.py migrate
+
-   (venv) $ python manage.py runserver
+* there is no support for documenting response schemas and status codes
-   (venv) $ firefox localhost:8000/swagger/
+* nested schemas do not work properly
 * does not handle more complex fields such as ``FileField``, ``ChoiceField``, …
 In short this makes the generated schema unusable for code generation, and mediocre at best for documentation.
 Other libraries
 ===============
 There are currently two decent Swagger schema generators that I could
 find for django-rest-framework:
 * `django-rest-swagger <https://github.com/marcgibbons/django-rest-swagger>`__
 * `drf-openapi <https://github.com/limdauto/drf_openapi>`__
 Out of the two, ``django-rest-swagger`` is just a wrapper around DRF 3.7 schema generation with an added UI, and
 thus presents the same problems. ``drf-openapi`` is a bit more involved and implements some custom handling for response
 schemas, but ultimately still falls short in code generation because the responses are plain of lacking support for
 named schemas.
 Both projects are also currently unmantained.
 ************************
 Third-party integrations
@ -317,12 +382,6 @@ Integration with `djangorestframework-camel-case <https://github.com/vbabiy/djan
 provided out of the box - if you have ``djangorestframework-camel-case`` installed and your ``APIView`` uses
 ``CamelCaseJSONParser`` or ``CamelCaseJSONRenderer``, all property names will be converted to *camelCase* by default.
 djangorestframework-recursive
 ===============================
 Integration with `djangorestframework-recursive <https://github.com/heywbj/django-rest-framework-recursive>`_ is
 provided out of the box - if you have ``djangorestframework-recursive`` installed.
 .. |travis| image:: https://img.shields.io/travis/axnsan12/drf-yasg/master.svg
   :target: https://travis-ci.org/axnsan12/drf-yasg
   :alt: Travis CI
@ -332,20 +391,12 @@ provided out of the box - if you have ``djangorestframework-recursive`` installe
   :alt: Codecov
 .. |pypi-version| image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/drf-yasg.svg
-   :target: https://pypi.org/project/drf-yasg/
+   :target: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/drf-yasg/
   :alt: PyPI
 .. |rtd-badge| image:: https://img.shields.io/readthedocs/drf-yasg.svg
   :target: https://drf-yasg.readthedocs.io/
   :alt: ReadTheDocs
 .. |bmac-button| image:: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/assets/img/custom_images/yellow_img.png
   :target: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/cvijdea
   :alt: Buy Me A Coffee
 .. |heroku-button| image:: https://www.herokucdn.com/deploy/button.svg
   :target: https://heroku.com/deploy?template=https://github.com/axnsan12/drf-yasg
   :alt: Heroku deploy button
 .. |nbsp| unicode:: 0xA0
   :trim:
--- a/app.json
+++ b/app.json
@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
 {
  "name": "drf-yasg Demo app",
  "description": "A demonstrative app using https://github.com/axnsan12/drf-yasg",
  "repository": "https://github.com/axnsan12/drf-yasg",
  "logo": "https://swaggerhub.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Swagger-Icon.svg",
  "keywords": [
    "django",
    "django-rest-framework",
    "swagger",
    "openapi"
  ],
  "env": {
    "DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE": "testproj.settings.heroku",
    "DJANGO_SECRET_KEY": "m76=^#=z7xv5^(o%4dv9w7+1_c)y2m6)1ogjx%s@9$1^nupry="
  },
  "success_url": "/"
 }
--- a/docs/changelog.rst
+++ b/docs/changelog.rst
@ -3,552 +3,10 @@ Changelog
 #########
 **********
 **1.17.1**
 **********
 *Release date: Feb 17, 2020*
 - **FIXED:** fixed compatibility issue with CurrentUserDefault in Django Rest Framework 3.11
 - **FIXED:** respect `USERNAME_FIELD` in `generate_swagger` command (:pr:`486`)
 **Support was dropped for Python 3.5, Django 2.0, Django 2.1, DRF 3.7**
 **********
 **1.17.0**
 **********
 *Release date: Oct 03, 2019*
 - **ADDED:** added `JSONFieldInspector` for `JSONField` support (:pr:`417`)
 - **IMPROVED:** updated ``swagger-ui`` to version 3.23.11
 - **IMPROVED:** updated ``ReDoc`` to version 2.0.0-rc.14 (:issue:`398`)
 - **FIXED:** fixed a type hint support issue (:pr:`428`, :issue:`450`)
 - **FIXED:** fixed packaging issue caused by a missing requirement (:issue:`412`)
 **********
 **1.16.1**
 **********
 *Release date: Jul 16, 2019*
 - **IMPROVED:** better enum type detection for nested `ChoiceField`\ s (:pr:`400`)
 - **FIXED:** fixed DRF 3.10 compatibility (:pr:`408`, :issue:`410`, :issue:`411`)
 **********
 **1.16.0**
 **********
 *Release date: Jun 13, 2019*
 - **ADDED:** added `reference_resolver_class` attribute hook to `SwaggerAutoSchema` (:pr:`350`)
 - **ADDED:** added `operation_keys` attribute to `SwaggerAutoSchema`, along with `__init__` parameter (:pr:`355`)
 - **FIXED:** fixed potential crash on `issubclass` check without `isclass` check
 **********
 **1.15.1**
 **********
 *Release date: Jun 13, 2019*
 - **IMPROVED:** updated ``swagger-ui`` to version 3.22.3
 - **IMPROVED:** updated ``ReDoc`` to version 2.0.0-rc.8-1
 - **FIXED:** fixed an issue with inspection of typing hints on Python 2.7 (:issue:`363`)
 - **FIXED:** fixed an issue with inspection of typing hints on Python 3.7 (:issue:`371`)
 **Python 3.4 support has been dropped!**
 **********
 **1.15.0**
 **********
 *Release date: Apr 01, 2019*
 - **ADDED:** added ``is_list_view`` and ``has_list_response`` extension points to ``SwaggerAutoSchema`` (:issue:`331`)
 - **IMPROVED:** updated ``swagger-ui`` to version 3.22.0
 - **IMPROVED:** updated ``ReDoc`` to version 2.0.0-rc.4
 - **FIXED:** ``ListModelMixin`` will now always be treated as a list view (:issue:`306`)
 - **FIXED:** non-primtive values in field ``choices`` will now be handled properly (:issue:`340`)
 **********
 **1.14.0**
 **********
 *Release date: Mar 04, 2019*
 - **IMPROVED:** updated ``swagger-ui`` to version 3.21.0
 - **FIXED:** implicit ``ref_name`` collisions will now throw an exception
 - **FIXED:** ``RecursiveField`` will now also work as a child of ``ListSerializer`` (:pr:`321`)
 - **FIXED:** fixed ``minLength`` and ``maxLength`` for ``ListSerializer`` and ``ListField``
 - **FIXED:** the ``items`` property of ``Schema``, ``Parameter`` and ``Items`` objects was renamed to ``items_``; this
  is a *mildly breaking change* and was needed to fix the collision with the ``items`` method of ``dict`` (:pr:`308`)
 - **REMOVED:** the ``get_summary`` and ``get_description`` methods have been removed (previously deprecated in 1.12.0)
 **********
 **1.13.0**
 **********
 *Release date: Jan 29, 2019*
 - **IMPROVED:** type hint inspection is now supported for collections and ``Optional`` (:pr:`272`)
 - **IMPROVED:** updated ``swagger-ui`` to version 3.20.5
 - **IMPROVED:** updated ``ReDoc`` to version 2.0.0-rc.2
 - **DEPRECATED:** quietly dropped support for the ``flex`` validator; it will still work if the library is installed,
  but the setup.py requirement was removed and the validator will be silently skipped if not installed (:issue:`285`)
 **********
 **1.12.1**
 **********
 *Release date: Dec 28, 2018*
 - **IMPROVED:** updated ``ReDoc`` to version 2.0.0-rc.0
 - **FIXED:** management command will now correctly fall back to ``DEFAULT_VERSION`` for mock request
 - **FIXED:** fixed bad "raised exception during schema generation" warnings caused by missing ``self`` parameter
 **********
 **1.12.0**
 **********
 *Release date: Dec 23, 2018*
 - **ADDED:** ``get_security_definitions`` and ``get_security_requirements`` hooks to ``OpenAPISchemaGenerator``
 - **ADDED:** added ``get_summary_and_description`` and ``split_summary_from_description`` extension points to
  ``SwaggerAutoSchema`` to allow for better customisation
 - **IMPROVED:** updated ``swagger-ui`` to version 3.20.4
 - **IMPROVED:** paginator ``next`` and ``previous`` fields are now marked as ``x-nullable`` (:issue:`263`)
 - **IMPROVED:** added the ``tags`` argument to ``swagger_auto_schema`` (:pr:`259`)
 - **IMPROVED:** type of ``enum`` will now be automatically detected from ``ChoiceField`` if all ``choices`` values
  are objects of the same Python class (:pr:`264`)
 - **IMPROVED:** ``SwaggerValidationError`` details will now be logged and shown in the exception message
 - **FIXED:** user implementations of ``get_queryset``, ``get_parsers`` and ``get_renderers`` will no longer be bypassed
 - **FIXED:** fixed handling of lazy objects in user-supplied values
 - **FIXED:** ``read_only`` serializer fields will be correctly ignored when generating form parameters (:issue:`261`)
 - **FIXED:** fixed incorrect return type from ``UIRenderer`` (:pr:`268`)
 - **FIXED:** fixed incosistent ordering of global ``securityDefinitions`` and ``security`` objects
 - **DEPRECATED:** the ``get_summary`` and ``get_description`` extension points have been deprecated in favor of the
  new ``get_summary_and_description``, and will be removed in a future release
 **IMPORTANT PACKAGING NOTE**
 Starting with this version, the ``setup_requires`` argument was dropped from ``setup.py`` in favor of
 ``build-system.requires`` in ``pyproject.toml`` . This means that for correctly building or installing from sdist,
 you will need to use a PEP517/PEP518 compliant tool (tox>=3.3.0, setuptools>=40, pip>=10.0, pep517.build) or manually
 install the build requirements yourself (just ``setuptools`` and ``setuptools-scm``, for now).
 Additionally, for correct package version detection, a full git checkout is required when building (this was always the
 case). Building without ``.git`` or without ``setuptools-scm`` will result in a distribution with a version like
 ``drf-yasg-1!0.0.0.dev0+noscm.00000167d19bd859``.
 **********
 **1.11.1**
 **********
 *Release date: Nov 29, 2018*
 - **IMPROVED:** updated ``swagger-ui`` to version 3.20.1
 - **IMPROVED:** updated ``ReDoc`` to version 2.0.0-alpha.41
 - **FIXED:** ``minLength`` and ``maxLength`` will now also work for ``ListSerializer`` in addition to ``ListField``
 - **FIXED:** ``MultipleChoiceField`` will now use the ``multi`` ``collectionFormat`` where appropriate (:issue:`257`)
 - **FIXED:** the ``format``, ``pattern``, ``enum``, ``min_length`` and ``max_length`` attributes of
  ``coreschema.Schema`` will now be persited into the converted ``openapi.Parameter`` (:issue:`212`, :pr:`233`)
 **********
 **1.11.0**
 **********
 *Release date: Oct 14, 2018*
 - **ADDED:** ``PERSIST_AUTH``, ``REFETCH_SCHEMA_WITH_AUTH``, ``REFETCH_SCHEMA_ON_LOGOUT``
  settings and related javascript implementation for persisting authentication data to swagger-ui localStorage
 - **IMPROVED:** UI-enabled views will now no longer generate the full specification document twice; the HTML part
  of the view will only generate a barebones ``Swagger`` object with no ``paths`` and ``definitions``
 - **IMPROVED:** added the ``FETCH_SCHEMA_WITH_QUERY`` setting to enable fetching of the schema document using
  query parameters passed to the UI view (:issue:`208`)
 - **IMPROVED:** added support for the very common ``x-nullable`` extension (:issue:`217`)
 - **IMPROVED:** extensibility of some classes was improved by adding more extension points, together with more blocks
  for ``swagger-ui.html``/``redoc.html`` and some JavaScript hooks in ``swagger-ui-init.js``
 - **FIXED:** removed usage of ``inspect.signature`` on python 2.7 (:issue:`222`)
 **********
 **1.10.2**
 **********
 *Release date: Sep 13, 2018*
 - **ADDED:** added the ``DISPLAY_OPERATION_ID`` ``swagger-ui`` setting
 - **IMPROVED:** updated ``ReDoc`` to version 2.0.0-alpha.38
 - **IMPROVED:** Operation summary will now be parsed from multi-line view method docstrings (:issue:`205`)
 - **IMPROVED:** ``pattern`` will now work on any field with a ``RegexValidator``
  (would previously not appear on fields with special formats such as ``EmailField``)
 - **FIXED:** fixed an issue with ``RelatedFieldInspector`` handling of nested serializers
 - **FIXED:** fixed handling of ``reverse_lazy`` in URL settings (:issue:`209`)
 **********
 **1.10.1**
 **********
 *Release date: Sep 10, 2018*
 - **ADDED:** added the ``SPEC_URL`` setting for controlling the download link in ``swagger-ui`` and ``ReDoc``
 - **ADDED:** updated ``ReDoc`` settings (added ``NATIVE_SCROLLBARS`` and ``REQUIRED_PROPS_FIRST``)
 - **ADDED:** added ``extra_styles`` and ``extra_scripts`` blocks to ui templates (:issue:`178`)
 - **IMPROVED:** updated ``swagger-ui`` to version 3.18.2
 - **IMPROVED:** updated ``ReDoc`` to version 2.0.0-alpha.37
 - **FIXED:** stopped generating invalid OpenAPI by improper placement of ``readOnly`` Schemas
 - **FIXED:** fixed broken CSS when ``USE_SESSION_AUTH=False``
 - **FIXED:** fixed implementation of ``operation_summary`` and ``deprecated`` (:pr:`194`, :pr:`198`)
 - **FIXED:** fixed a bug related to nested ``typing`` hints (:pr:`195`)
 - **FIXED:** removed dependency on ``future`` (:issue:`196`)
 - **FIXED:** fixed exceptions logged for fields with ``default=None`` (:issue:`203`)
 - **FIXED:** fixed ``request_body=no_body`` handling and related tests (:issue:`188`, :issue:`199`)
 **********
 **1.10.0**
 **********
 *Release date: Aug 08, 2018*
 - **ADDED:** added ``EXCLUDED_MEDIA_TYPES`` setting for controlling ``produces`` MIME type filtering (:issue:`158`)
 - **ADDED:** added support for ``SerializerMethodField``, via the ``swagger_serializer_method`` decorator for the
  method field, and support for Python 3.5 style type hinting of the method field return type
  (:issue:`137`, :pr:`175`, :pr:`179`)
  *NOTE:* in order for this to work, you will have to add the new ``drf_yasg.inspectors.SerializerMethodFieldInspector``
  to your ``DEFAULT_FIELD_INSPECTORS`` array if you changed it from the default value
 - **IMPROVED:** updated ``swagger-ui`` to version 3.18.0
 - **IMPROVED:** added support for Python 3.7 and Django 2.1 (:pr:`176`)
 - **IMPROVED:** ``swagger_schema_fields`` will now also work on serializer ``Field``\ s (:issue:`167`)
 - **IMPROVED:** ``ref_name`` collisions will now log a warning message (:issue:`156`)
 - **IMPROVED:** added ``operation_summary`` and ``deprecated`` arguments to ``swagger_auto_schema``
  (:issue:`149`, :issue:`173`)
 - **FIXED:** made ``swagger_auto_schema`` work with DRF 3.9 ``@action`` mappings (:issue:`177`)
 *********
 **1.9.2**
 *********
 *Release date: Aug 03, 2018*
 - **IMPROVED:** updated ``swagger-ui`` to version 3.17.6
 - **IMPROVED:** updated ``ReDoc`` to version 2.0.0-alpha.32
 - **IMPROVED:** added ``--api-version`` argument to the ``generate_swagger`` management command (:pr:`170`)
 - **FIXED:** corrected various documentation typos (:pr:`160`, :pr:`162`, :issue:`171`, :pr:`172`)
 - **FIXED:** made ``generate_swagger`` work for projects without authentication (:pr:`161`)
 - **FIXED:** fixed ``SafeText`` interaction with YAML codec (:issue:`159`)
 *********
 **1.9.1**
 *********
 *Release date: Jun 30, 2018*
 - **IMPROVED:** added a ``swagger_fake_view`` marker to more easily detect mock views in view methods;
  ``getattr(self, 'swagger_fake_view', False)`` inside a view method like ``get_serializer_class`` will tell you if the
  view instance is being used for swagger schema introspection (:issue:`154`)
 - **IMPROVED:** updated ``swagger-ui`` to version 3.17.1
 - **IMPROVED:** updated ``ReDoc`` to version 2.0.0-alpha.25
 - **FIXED:** fixed wrong handling of duplicate urls in urlconf (:pr:`155`)
 - **FIXED:** fixed crash when passing ``None`` as a response override (:issue:`148`)
 *********
 **1.9.0**
 *********
 *Release date: Jun 16, 2018*
 - **ADDED:** added ``DEFAULT_GENERATOR_CLASS`` setting and ``--generator-class`` argument to the ``generate_swagger``
  management command (:issue:`140`)
 - **FIXED:** fixed wrongly required ``'count'`` response field on ``CursorPagination`` (:issue:`141`)
 - **FIXED:** fixed some cases where ``swagger_schema_fields`` would not be handlded (:pr:`142`)
 - **FIXED:** fixed crash when encountering ``coreapi.Fields``\ s without a ``schema`` (:issue:`143`)
 *********
 **1.8.0**
 *********
 *Release date: Jun 01, 2018*
 - **ADDED:** added a :ref:`swagger_schema_fields <swagger_schema_fields>` field on serializer ``Meta`` classes for
  customizing schema generation (:issue:`132`, :pr:`134`)
 - **FIXED:** error responses from schema views are now rendered with ``JSONRenderer`` instead of throwing
  confusing errors (:pr:`130`, :issue:`58`)
 - **FIXED:** ``readOnly`` schema fields will now no longer be marked as ``required`` (:pr:`133`)
 *********
 **1.7.4**
 *********
 *Release date: May 14, 2018*
 - **IMPROVED:** updated ``swagger-ui`` to version 3.14.2
 - **IMPROVED:** updated ``ReDoc`` to version 2.0.0-alpha.20
 - **FIXED:** ignore ``None`` return from ``get_operation`` to avoid empty ``Path`` objects in output
 - **FIXED:** request body is now allowed on ``DELETE`` endpoints (:issue:`118`)
 *********
 **1.7.3**
 *********
 *Release date: May 12, 2018*
 - **FIXED:** views whose ``__init__`` methods throw exceptions will now be ignored during endpoint enumeration
 *********
 **1.7.2**
 *********
 *Release date: May 12, 2018*
 - **FIXED:** fixed generation of default ``SECURITY_REQUIREMENTS`` to match documented behaviour
 - **FIXED:** ordering of ``SECURITY_REQUIREMENTS`` and ``SECURITY_DEFINITIONS`` is now stable
 *********
 **1.7.1**
 *********
 *Release date: May 05, 2018*
 - **IMPROVED:** updated ``swagger-ui`` to version 3.14.1
 - **IMPROVED:** set ``swagger-ui`` ``showCommonExtensions`` to ``True`` by default and add
  ``SHOW_COMMON_EXTENSIONS`` setting key
 - **IMPROVED:** set ``min_length=1`` when ``allow_blank=False`` (:pr:`112`, thanks to :ghuser:`elnappo`)
 - **FIXED:** made documentation ordering of ``SwaggerDict`` extra attributes stable
 *********
 **1.7.0**
 *********
 *Release date: Apr 27, 2018*
 - **ADDED:** added integration with `djangorestframework-recursive <https://github.com/heywbj/django-rest-framework-recursive>`_
  (:issue:`109`, :pr:`110`, thanks to :ghuser:`rsichny`)
  *NOTE:* in order for this to work, you will have to add the new ``drf_yasg.inspectors.RecursiveFieldInspector`` to
  your ``DEFAULT_FIELD_INSPECTORS`` array if you changed it from the default value
 - **FIXED:** ``SchemaRef`` now supports cyclical references via the ``ignore_unresolved`` argument
 *********
 **1.6.2**
 *********
 *Release date: Apr 25, 2018*
 - **IMPROVED:** updated ``swagger-ui`` to version 3.13.6
 - **IMPROVED:** switched ``ReDoc`` to version 2.0.0-alpha.17 (was 1.21.2); fixes :issue:`107`
 - **FIXED:** made documentation ordering of parameters stable for urls with multiple parameters (:issue:`105`, :pr:`106`)
 - **FIXED:** fixed crash when using a model ``ChoiceField`` of unknown child type
 *********
 **1.6.1**
 *********
 *Release date: Apr 01, 2018*
 - **ADDED:** added ``SUPPORTED_SUBMIT_METHODS`` ``swagger-ui`` setting
 *********
 **1.6.0**
 *********
 *Release date: Mar 24, 2018*
 - **IMPROVED:** ``OAUTH2_REDIRECT_URL`` will now default to the built in ``oauth2-redirect.html`` file
 *********
 **1.5.1**
 *********
 *Release date: Mar 18, 2018*
 - **IMPROVED:** updated ``swagger-ui`` to version 3.13.0
 - **FIXED:** fixed a crash caused by ``serializers.OneToOneRel`` (:pr:`81`, thanks to :ghuser:`ko-pp`)
 *********
 **1.5.0**
 *********
 *Release date: Mar 12, 2018*
 - **IMPROVED:** ``serializers.HiddenField`` are now hidden (:issue:`78`, :pr:`79`, thanks to :ghuser:`therefromhere`)
  *NOTE:* in order for this to work, you will have to add the new ``drf_yasg.inspectors.HiddenFieldInspector`` to your
  ``DEFAULT_FIELD_INSPECTORS`` array if you changed it from the default value
 - **IMPROVED:** type of model field is now detected for ``serializers.SlugRelatedField`` with ``read_only=True``
  (:issue:`82`, :pr:`83`, thanks to :ghuser:`therefromhere`)
 *********
 **1.4.7**
 *********
 *Release date: Mar 05, 2018*
 - **FIXED:** prevent crashes caused by attempting to delete object attributes which do not exist in the first place
  (:issue:`76`)
 *********
 **1.4.6**
 *********
 *Release date: Mar 05, 2018*
 - **IMPROVED:** updated ``swagger-ui`` to version 3.12.0
 - **IMPROVED:** updated ``ReDoc`` to version 1.21.2
 *********
 **1.4.5**
 *********
 *Release date: Mar 05, 2018*
 - **FIXED:** fixed an issue with modification of ``swagger_auto_schema`` arguments in-place during introspection, which
  would sometimes cause an incomplete Swagger document to be generated after the first pass (:issue:`74`, :pr:`75`)
 *********
 **1.4.4**
 *********
 *Release date: Feb 26, 2018*
 - **IMPROVED:** ``type`` for ``ChoiceField`` generated by a ``ModelSerializer`` from a model field with ``choices=...``
  will now be set according to the associated model field (:issue:`69`)
 - **FIXED:** ``lookup_field`` and ``lookup_value_regex`` on the same ``ViewSet``  will no longer trigger an exception
  (:issue:`68`)
 *********
 **1.4.3**
 *********
 *Release date: Feb 22, 2018*
 - **FIXED:** added a missing assignment that would cause the ``default`` argument to ``openapi.Parameter.__init__`` to
  be ignored
 *********
 **1.4.2**
 *********
 *Release date: Feb 22, 2018*
 - **FIXED:** fixed a bug that causes a ``ModelViewSet`` generated from models with nested ``ForeignKey`` to output
  models named ``Nested`` into the ``definitions`` section (:issue:`59`, :pr:`65`)
 - **FIXED:** ``Response`` objects without a ``schema`` are now properly handled when passed through
  ``swagger_auto_schema`` (:issue:`66`)
 *********
 **1.4.1**
 *********
 *Release date: Feb 21, 2018*
 - **FIXED:** the ``coerce_to_string`` is now respected when setting the type, default value and min/max values of
  ``DecimalField`` in the OpenAPI schema (:issue:`62`)
 - **FIXED:** error responses from web UI views are now rendered with ``TemplateHTMLRenderer`` instead of throwing
  confusing errors (:issue:`58`)
 - **IMPROVED:** updated ``swagger-ui`` to version 3.10.0
 - **IMPROVED:** updated ``ReDoc`` to version 1.21.0
 *********
 **1.4.0**
 *********
 *Release date: Feb 04, 2018*
 - **ADDED:** added settings for OAuth2 client configuration in ``swagger-ui`` (:issue:`53`)
 - **IMPROVED:** updated ``swagger-ui`` to version 3.9.3
 *********
 **1.3.1**
 *********
 *Release date: Jan 24, 2018*
 - **FIXED:** fixed a bug that would sometimes cause endpoints to wrongly be output as form operations (:issue:`50`)
 - **IMPROVED:** added generation of ``produces`` based on renderer classes
 - **IMPROVED:** added generation of top-level ``consumes`` and ``produces`` based on
  ``DEFAULT_PARSER_CLASSES`` and ``DEFAULT_RENDERER_CLASSES`` (:issue:`48`)
 *********
 **1.3.0**
 *********
 *Release date: Jan 23, 2018*
 - **ADDED:** security requirements are now correctly set and can be customized; this should fix problems related
  to authentication in ``swagger-ui`` Try it out!  (:issue:`50`, :pr:`54`)
 - **IMPROVED:** updated ``swagger-ui`` to version 3.9.2
 - **IMPROVED:** updated ``ReDoc`` to version 1.20.0
 - **FIXED:** fixed an exception caused by a warning in get_path_from_regex (:pr:`49`, thanks to :ghuser:`blueyed`)
 *********
 **1.2.2**
 *********
 *Release date: Jan 12, 2018*
 - **FIXED:** djangorestframework>=3.7.7 is now required because of breaking changes
  (:issue:`44`, :pr:`45`, thanks to :ghuser:`h-hirokawa`)
 *********
 **1.2.1**
 *********
 *Release date: Jan 12, 2018*
 - Fixed deployment issues
 *********
 **1.2.0**
 *********
 *Release date: Jan 12, 2018 (missing from PyPI due to deployment issues)*
 - **ADDED:** ``basePath`` is now generated by taking into account the ``SCRIPT_NAME`` variable and the
  longest common prefix of API urls (:issue:`37`, :pr:`42`)
 - **IMPROVED:** removed inline scripts and styles from bundled HTML templates to increase CSP compatibility
 - **IMPROVED:** improved validation errors and added more assertion sanity checks (:issue:`37`, :issue:`40`)
 - **IMPROVED:** improved handling of NamespaceVersioning by excluding endpoints of differing versions
  (i.e. when accesing the schema view for v1, v2 endpoints will not be included in swagger)
 *********
 **1.1.3**
 *********
 *Release date: Jan 02, 2018*
 - **FIXED:** schema view cache will now always ``Vary`` on the ``Cookie`` and ``Authentication`` (the
  ``Vary`` header was previously only added if ``public`` was set to ``True``) - this fixes issues related to Django
  authentication in ``swagger-ui`` and ``CurrentUserDefault`` values in the schema
 *********
 **1.1.2**
 *********
 *Release date: Jan 01, 2018*
 - **IMPROVED:** updated ``swagger-ui`` to version 3.8.1
 - **IMPROVED:** removed some unneeded static files
 *********
 **1.1.1**
 *********
 *Release date: Dec 27, 2017*
 - **ADDED:** :ref:`generate_swagger management command <management-command>`
  (:issue:`29`, :pr:`31`, thanks to :ghuser:`beaugunderson`)
 - **FIXED:** fixed improper generation of ``\Z`` regex tokens - will now be repalced by ``$``
 *********
 **1.1.0**
 *********
 *Release date: Dec 27, 2017*
 - **ADDED:** added support for APIs versioned with ``URLPathVersioning`` or ``NamespaceVersioning``
 - **ADDED:** added ability to recursively customize schema generation
  :ref:`using pluggable inspector classes <custom-spec-inspectors>`
@ -564,8 +22,6 @@ case). Building without ``.git`` or without ``setuptools-scm`` will result in a
 **1.0.6**
 *********
 *Release date: Dec 23, 2017*
 - **FIXED:** Swagger UI "Try it out!" should now work with Django login
 - **FIXED:** callable ``default`` values on serializer fields will now be properly called (:pr:`24`, :issue:`25`)
 - **IMPROVED:** updated ``swagger-ui`` to version 3.8.0
@ -577,8 +33,6 @@ case). Building without ``.git`` or without ``setuptools-scm`` will result in a
 **1.0.5**
 *********
 *Release date: Dec 18, 2017*
 - **FIXED:** fixed a crash caused by having read-only Serializers nested by reference
 - **FIXED:** removed erroneous backslashes in paths when routes are generated using Django 2
  `path() <https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.0/ref/urls/#django.urls.path>`_
@ -590,8 +44,6 @@ case). Building without ``.git`` or without ``setuptools-scm`` will result in a
 **1.0.4**
 *********
 *Release date: Dec 16, 2017*
 - **FIXED:** fixed improper generation of YAML references
 - **ADDED:** added ``query_serializer`` parameter to
  :func:`@swagger_auto_schema <.swagger_auto_schema>` (:issue:`16`, :pr:`17`)
@ -600,8 +52,6 @@ case). Building without ``.git`` or without ``setuptools-scm`` will result in a
 **1.0.3**
 *********
 *Release date: Dec 15, 2017*
 - **FIXED:** fixed bug that caused schema views returned from cache to fail (:issue:`14`)
 - **FIXED:** disabled automatic generation of response schemas for form operations to avoid confusing errors caused by
  attempting to shove file parameters into Schema objects
@ -610,6 +60,4 @@ case). Building without ``.git`` or without ``setuptools-scm`` will result in a
 **1.0.2**
 *********
 *Release date: Dec 13, 2017*
 - First published version
--- a/docs/conf.py
+++ b/docs/conf.py
@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ master_doc = 'index'
 # General information about the project.
 project = 'drf-yasg'
-copyright = '2018, Cristi V.'
+copyright = '2017, Cristi V.'
 author = 'Cristi V.'
 # The version info for the project you're documenting, acts as replacement for
@ -48,11 +48,6 @@ author = 'Cristi V.'
 # The full version, including alpha/beta/rc tags.
 release = get_distribution('drf_yasg').version
 if 'noscm' in release:
    raise AssertionError('Invalid package version string: %s. \n'
                         'The documentation must be built with drf_yasg installed from a distribution package, '
                         'which must have been built with a proper version number (i.e. from a full source checkout).'
                         % (release,))
 # The short X.Y.Z version.
 version = '.'.join(release.split('.')[:3])
@ -160,35 +155,18 @@ texinfo_documents = [
     'Miscellaneous'),
 ]
-autodoc_default_options = {
+autodoc_default_flags = ['private-members']
    'private-members': None
 }
 autodoc_member_order = 'bysource'
 autoclass_content = 'both'
 autodoc_mock_imports = []
 nitpick_ignore = [
    ('py:class', 'object'),
    ('py:class', 'bool'),
    ('py:class', 'dict'),
    ('py:class', 'list'),
    ('py:class', 'str'),
    ('py:class', 'int'),
    ('py:class', 'bytes'),
    ('py:class', 'tuple'),
    ('py:class', 'function'),
    ('py:class', 'type'),
    ('py:class', 'OrderedDict'),
    ('py:class', 'None'),
    ('py:obj', 'None'),
    ('py:class', 'Exception'),
    ('py:class', 'collections.OrderedDict'),
    ('py:class', 'ruamel.yaml.dumper.SafeDumper'),
    ('py:class', 'rest_framework.serializers.Serializer'),
    ('py:class', 'rest_framework.renderers.BaseRenderer'),
    ('py:class', 'rest_framework.parsers.BaseParser'),
    ('py:class', 'rest_framework.schemas.generators.EndpointEnumerator'),
    ('py:class', 'rest_framework.views.APIView'),
@ -196,26 +174,40 @@ nitpick_ignore = [
    ('py:class', 'OpenAPICodecJson'),
    ('py:class', 'OpenAPISchemaGenerator'),
-    ('py:class', 'coreapi.Field'),
+    ('py:obj', 'bool'),
-    ('py:class', 'BaseFilterBackend'),
+    ('py:obj', 'dict'),
-    ('py:class', 'BasePagination'),
+    ('py:obj', 'list'),
-    ('py:class', 'Request'),
+    ('py:obj', 'str'),
-    ('py:class', 'rest_framework.request.Request'),
+    ('py:obj', 'int'),
-    ('py:class', 'rest_framework.serializers.Field'),
+    ('py:obj', 'bytes'),
-    ('py:class', 'serializers.Field'),
+    ('py:obj', 'tuple'),
-    ('py:class', 'serializers.BaseSerializer'),
+    ('py:obj', 'callable'),
-    ('py:class', 'Serializer'),
+    ('py:obj', 'type'),
-    ('py:class', 'BaseSerializer'),
+    ('py:obj', 'OrderedDict'),
-    ('py:class', 'APIView'),
+    ('py:obj', 'None'),
    ('py:obj', 'coreapi.Field'),
    ('py:obj', 'BaseFilterBackend'),
    ('py:obj', 'BasePagination'),
    ('py:obj', 'Request'),
    ('py:obj', 'rest_framework.request.Request'),
    ('py:obj', 'rest_framework.serializers.Field'),
    ('py:obj', 'serializers.Field'),
    ('py:obj', 'serializers.BaseSerializer'),
    ('py:obj', 'Serializer'),
    ('py:obj', 'BaseSerializer'),
    ('py:obj', 'APIView'),
 ]
 # TODO: inheritance aliases in sphinx 1.7
 # even though the package should be already installed, the sphinx build on RTD
 # for some reason needs the sources dir to be in the path in order for viewcode to work
 sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath('../src'))
 # activate the Django testproj to be able to succesfully import drf_yasg
 sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath('../testproj'))
-os.putenv('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'testproj.settings.local')
+os.putenv('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'testproj.settings')
 from django.conf import settings  # noqa: E402
@ -283,7 +275,7 @@ def role_github_user(name, rawtext, text, lineno, inliner, options=None, content
    options = options or {}
    content = content or []
-    if not re.match(r"^[a-z\d](?:[a-z\d]|-(?=[a-z\d])){0,38}$", text, re.IGNORECASE):
+    if not re.match(r"^[a-z\d](?:[a-z\d]|-(?=[a-z\d])){0,38}$", text):
        return sphinx_err(inliner, lineno, rawtext, '"%s" is not a valid GitHub username.' % text)
    ref = gh_user_uri.format(text)
--- a/docs/custom_spec.rst
+++ b/docs/custom_spec.rst
@ -9,30 +9,125 @@ Custom schema generation
 If the default spec generation does not quite match what you were hoping to achieve, ``drf-yasg`` provides some
 custom behavior hooks by default.
-.. _custom-spec-excluding-endpoints:
+*********************
 Swagger spec overview
 *********************
-*******************
+This library generates OpenAPI 2.0 documents. The authoritative specification for this document's structure will always
-Excluding endpoints
+be the official documentation over at `swagger.io <https://swagger.io/>`__ and the `OpenAPI 2.0 specification
-*******************
+page <https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification/blob/master/versions/2.0.md>`__.
-You can prevent a view from being included in the Swagger view by setting its class-level ``swagger_schema``
+Beause the above specifications are a bit heavy and convoluted, here is a general overview of how the specification
-attribute to ``None``, or you can prevent an operation from being included by setting its ``auto_schema`` override
+is structured, starting from the root ``Swagger`` object.
 to none in :ref:`@swagger_auto_schema <custom-spec-swagger-auto-schema>`:
-.. code-block:: python
+* :class:`.Swagger` object
   + ``info``, ``schemes``, ``securityDefinitions`` and other informative attributes
   + ``paths``: :class:`.Paths` object
      A list of all the paths in the API in the form of a mapping
-   class UserList(APIView):
+      - ``{path}``: :class:`.PathItem` - each :class:`.PathItem` has multiple operations keyed by method
-      swagger_schema = None
+         * ``{http_method}``: :class:`.Operation`
            Each operation is thus uniquely identified by its ``(path, http_method)`` combination,
            e.g. ``GET /articles/``, ``POST /articles/``, etc.
         * ``parameters``: [:class:`.Parameter`] - and a list of path parameters
   + ``definitions``: named Models
      A list of all the named models in the API in the form of a mapping
-      # all methods of the UserList class will be excluded
+      - ``{ModelName}``: :class:`.Schema`
-      ...
+
 * :class:`.Operation` contains the following information about each operation:
   + ``parameters``: [:class:`.Parameter`]
      A list of all the *query*, *header* and *form* parameters accepted by the operation.
      - there can also be **at most one** body parameter whose structure is represented by a
        :class:`.Schema` or a reference to one (:class:`.SchemaRef`)
   + ``responses``: :class:`.Responses`
      A list of all the possible responses the operation is expected to return. Each response can optionally have a
      :class:`.Schema` which describes the structure of its body.
      - ``{status_code}``: :class:`.Response` - mapping of status code to response definition
   + ``operationId`` - should be unique across all operations
   + ``tags`` - used to group operations in the listing
 It is interesting to note the main differences between :class:`.Parameter` and :class:`.Schema` objects:
 +----------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
 | :class:`.Schema`                                         | :class:`.Parameter`                                       |
 +==========================================================+===========================================================+
 | Can nest other Schemas                                   | Cannot nest other Parameters |br|                         |
 |                                                          | Can only nest a Schema if the parameter is ``in: body``   |
 +----------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
 | Cannot describe file uploads |br|                        | Can describe file uploads via ``type`` = ``file``, |br|   |
 | - ``file`` is not permitted as a value for ``type``      | but only as part of a form :class:`.Operation` [#formop]_ |
 +----------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
 | Can be used in :class:`.Response`\ s                     | Cannot be used in :class:`.Response`\ s                   |
 +----------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
 | Cannot be used in form :class:`.Operation`\ s [#formop]_ | Can be used in form :class:`.Operation`\ s [#formop]_     |
 +----------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
 | Can only describe request or response bodies             | Can describe ``query``, ``form``, ``header`` or ``path``  |
 |                                                          | parameters                                                |
 +----------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
 .. [#formop] a form Operation is an :class:`.Operation` that consumes ``multipart/form-data`` or
   ``application/x-www-form-urlencoded`` content
      * a form Operation cannot have ``body`` parameters
      * a non-form operation cannot have ``form`` parameters
 ****************
 Default behavior
 ****************
 This section describes where information is sourced from when using the default generation process.
 * :class:`.Paths` are generated by exploring the patterns registered in your default ``urlconf``, or the ``patterns``
  and ``urlconf`` you specified when constructing :class:`.OpenAPISchemaGenerator`; only views inheriting from Django
  Rest Framework's ``APIView`` are looked at, all other views are ignored
 * ``path`` :class:`.Parameter`\ s are generated by looking in the URL pattern for any template parameters; attempts are
  made to guess their type from the views ``queryset`` and ``lookup_field``, if applicable. You can override path
  parameters via ``manual_parameters`` in :ref:`@swagger_auto_schema <custom-spec-swagger-auto-schema>`.
 * ``query`` :class:`.Parameter`\ s - i.e. parameters specified in the URL as ``/path/?query1=value&query2=value`` -
  are generated from your view's ``filter_backends`` and ``paginator``, if any are declared. Additional parameters can
  be specified via the ``query_serializer`` and ``manual_parameters`` arguments of
  :ref:`@swagger_auto_schema <custom-spec-swagger-auto-schema>`
 * The request body is only generated for the HTTP ``POST``, ``PUT`` and ``PATCH`` methods, and is sourced from the
  view's ``serializer_class``. You can also override the request body using the ``request_body`` argument of
  :ref:`@swagger_auto_schema <custom-spec-swagger-auto-schema>`.
   - if the view represents a form request (that is, all its parsers are of the ``multipart/form-data`` or
     ``application/x-www-form-urlencoded`` media types), the request body will be output as ``form``
     :class:`.Parameter`\ s
   - if it is not a form request, the request body will be output as a single ``body`` :class:`.Parameter` wrapped
     around a :class:`.Schema`
 * ``header`` :class:`.Parameter`\ s are supported by the OpenAPI specification but are never generated by this library;
  you can still add them using ``manual_parameters``.
 * :class:`.Responses` are generated as follows:
   + if ``responses`` is provided to :ref:`@swagger_auto_schema <custom-spec-swagger-auto-schema>` and contains at least
     one success status code (i.e. any `2xx` status code), no automatic response is generated and the given response
     is used as described in the :func:`@swagger_auto_schema documentation <.swagger_auto_schema>`
   + otherwise, an attempt is made to generate a default response:
      - the success status code is assumed to be ``204` for ``DELETE`` requests, ``201`` for ``POST`` requests, and
        ``200`` for all other request methods
      - if the view has a request body, the same ``Serializer`` or :class:`.Schema` as in the request body is used
        in generating the :class:`.Response` schema; this is inline with the default ``GenericAPIView`` and
        ``GenericViewSet`` behavior
      - if the view has no request body, its ``serializer_class`` is used to generate the :class:`.Response` schema
      - if the view is a list view (as defined by :func:`.is_list_view`), the response schema is wrapped in an array
      - if the view is also paginated, the response schema is then wrapped in the appropriate paging response structure
      - the description of the response is left blank
 * :class:`.Response` headers are supported by the OpenAPI specification but not currently supported by this library;
  you can still add them manually by providing an `appropriately structured dictionary
  <https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification/blob/master/versions/2.0.md#headersObject>`_
  to the ``headers`` property of a :class:`.Response` object
 * *descriptions* for :class:`.Operation`\ s, :class:`.Parameter`\ s and :class:`.Schema`\ s are picked up from
  docstrings and ``help_text`` attributes in the same manner as the `default DRF SchemaGenerator
  <http://www.django-rest-framework.org/api-guide/schemas/#schemas-as-documentation>`_
   # only the GET method will be shown in Swagger
   @swagger_auto_schema(method='put', auto_schema=None)
   @swagger_auto_schema(methods=['get'], ...)
   @api_view(['GET', 'PUT'])
   def user_detail(request, pk):
      pass
 .. _custom-spec-swagger-auto-schema:
@ -43,9 +138,7 @@ The ``@swagger_auto_schema`` decorator
 You can use the :func:`@swagger_auto_schema <.swagger_auto_schema>` decorator on view functions to override
 some properties of the generated :class:`.Operation`. For example, in a ``ViewSet``,
-.. code-block:: python
+.. code:: python
   from drf_yasg.utils import swagger_auto_schema
   @swagger_auto_schema(operation_description="partial_update description override", responses={404: 'slug not found'})
   def partial_update(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
@ -60,7 +153,7 @@ Where you can use the :func:`@swagger_auto_schema <.swagger_auto_schema>` decora
 * for function based ``@api_view``\ s, because the same view can handle multiple methods, and thus represent multiple
  operations, you have to add the decorator multiple times if you want to override different operations:
-   .. code-block:: python
+   .. code:: python
      test_param = openapi.Parameter('test', openapi.IN_QUERY, description="test manual param", type=openapi.TYPE_BOOLEAN)
      user_response = openapi.Response('response description', UserSerializer)
@ -76,7 +169,7 @@ Where you can use the :func:`@swagger_auto_schema <.swagger_auto_schema>` decora
 * for class based ``APIView``, ``GenericAPIView`` and non-``ViewSet`` derivatives, you have to decorate the respective
  method of each operation:
-   .. code-block:: python
+   .. code:: python
      class UserList(APIView):
         @swagger_auto_schema(responses={200: UserSerializer(many=True)})
@ -89,22 +182,22 @@ Where you can use the :func:`@swagger_auto_schema <.swagger_auto_schema>` decora
 * for ``ViewSet``, ``GenericViewSet``, ``ModelViewSet``, because each viewset corresponds to multiple **paths**, you have
  to decorate the *action methods*, i.e. ``list``, ``create``, ``retrieve``, etc. |br|
-  Additionally, ``@action``\ s defined on the viewset, like function based api views, can respond to multiple HTTP
+  Additionally, ``@list_route``\ s or ``@detail_route``\ s defined on the viewset, like function based api views, can
-  methods and thus have multiple operations that must be decorated separately:
+  respond to multiple HTTP methods and thus have multiple operations that must be decorated separately:
-   .. code-block:: python
+   .. code:: python
      class ArticleViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
-         # method or 'methods' can be skipped because the action only handles a single method (GET)
+         # method or 'methods' can be skipped because the list_route only handles a single method (GET)
         @swagger_auto_schema(operation_description='GET /articles/today/')
-         @action(detail=False, methods=['get'])
+         @list_route(methods=['get'])
         def today(self, request):
            ...
         @swagger_auto_schema(method='get', operation_description="GET /articles/{id}/image/")
         @swagger_auto_schema(method='post', operation_description="POST /articles/{id}/image/")
-         @action(detail=True, methods=['get', 'post'], parser_classes=(MultiPartParser,))
+         @detail_route(methods=['get', 'post'], parser_classes=(MultiPartParser,))
         def image(self, request, id=None):
            ...
@ -121,7 +214,7 @@ Where you can use the :func:`@swagger_auto_schema <.swagger_auto_schema>` decora
   If you want to customize the generation of a method you are not implementing yourself, you can use
   ``swagger_auto_schema`` in combination with Django's ``method_decorator``:
-   .. code-block:: python
+   .. code:: python
      @method_decorator(name='list', decorator=swagger_auto_schema(
          operation_description="description from swagger_auto_schema via method_decorator"
@ -136,7 +229,7 @@ Where you can use the :func:`@swagger_auto_schema <.swagger_auto_schema>` decora
   You can go even further and directly decorate the result of ``as_view``, in the same manner you would
   override an ``@api_view`` as described above:
-   .. code-block:: python
+   .. code:: python
      decorated_login_view = \
         swagger_auto_schema(
@ -157,65 +250,13 @@ Where you can use the :func:`@swagger_auto_schema <.swagger_auto_schema>` decora
   replacing/decorating methods on the base class itself.
 *********************************
 Support for SerializerMethodField
 *********************************
 Schema generation of ``serializers.SerializerMethodField`` is supported in two ways:
 1) The :func:`swagger_serializer_method <.swagger_serializer_method>` decorator for the use case where the serializer
   method is using a serializer. e.g.:
   .. code-block:: python
      from drf_yasg.utils import swagger_serializer_method
      class OtherStuffSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
          foo = serializers.CharField()
      class ParentSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
          other_stuff = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
          @swagger_serializer_method(serializer_or_field=OtherStuffSerializer)
          def get_other_stuff(self, obj):
              return OtherStuffSerializer().data
   Note that the ``serializer_or_field`` parameter can accept either a subclass or an instance of ``serializers.Field``.
 2) For simple cases where the method is returning one of the supported types, `Python 3 type hinting`_ of the
   serializer method return value can be used. e.g.:
   .. code-block:: python
      class SomeSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
          some_number = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
          def get_some_number(self, obj) -> float:
              return 1.0
   When return type hinting is not supported, the equivalent ``serializers.Field`` subclass can be used with
   :func:`swagger_serializer_method <.swagger_serializer_method>`:
   .. code-block:: python
      class SomeSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
          some_number = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
          @swagger_serializer_method(serializer_or_field=serializers.FloatField)
          def get_some_number(self, obj):
              return 1.0
 ********************************
 Serializer ``Meta`` nested class
 ********************************
-You can define some per-serializer or per-field options by adding a ``Meta`` class to your ``Serializer`` or
+You can define some per-serializer options by adding a ``Meta`` class to your serializer, e.g.:
 serializer ``Field``, e.g.:
-.. code-block:: python
+.. code:: python
   class WhateverSerializer(Serializer):
      ...
@ -223,78 +264,10 @@ serializer ``Field``, e.g.:
      class Meta:
         ... options here ...
-.. _swagger_schema_fields:
+Currently, the only option you can add here is
 The available options are:
   * ``ref_name`` - a string which will be used as the model definition name for this serializer class; setting it to
-     ``None`` will force the serializer to be generated as an inline model everywhere it is used. If two serializers
+     ``None`` will force the serializer to be generated as an inline model everywhere it is used
     have the same ``ref_name``, both their usages will be replaced with a reference to the same definition.
     If this option is not specified, all serializers have an implicit name derived from their class name, minus any
     ``Serializer`` suffix (e.g. ``UserSerializer`` -> ``User``, ``SerializerWithSuffix`` -> ``SerializerWithSuffix``)
   * ``swagger_schema_fields`` - a dictionary mapping :class:`.Schema` field names to values. These attributes
     will be set on the :class:`.Schema` object generated from the ``Serializer``. Field names must be python values,
     which are converted to Swagger ``Schema`` attribute names according to :func:`.make_swagger_name`.
     Attribute names and values must conform to the `OpenAPI 2.0 specification <https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification/blob/master/versions/2.0.md#schemaObject>`_.
 Suppose you wanted to model an email using a `JSONField` to store the subject and body for performance reasons:
 .. code-block:: python
   from django.contrib.postgres.fields import JSONField
   class Email(models.Model):
       # Store data as JSON, but the data should be made up of
       # an object that has two properties, "subject" and "body"
       # Example:
       # {
       #   "subject": "My Title",
       #   "body": "The body of the message.",
       # }
       message = JSONField()
 To instruct ``drf-yasg`` to output an OpenAPI schema that matches this, create a custom ``JSONField``:
 .. code-block:: python
   class EmailMessageField(serializers.JSONField):
       class Meta:
           swagger_schema_fields = {
               "type": openapi.TYPE_OBJECT,
               "title": "Email",
               "properties": {
                   "subject": openapi.Schema(
                       title="Email subject",
                       type=openapi.TYPE_STRING,
                   ),
                   "body": openapi.Schema(
                       title="Email body",
                       type=openapi.TYPE_STRING,
                   ),
               },
               "required": ["subject", "body"],
            }
   class EmailSerializer(ModelSerializer):
       class Meta:
           model = Email
           fields = "__all__"
       message = EmailMessageField()
 .. Warning::
   Overriding a default ``Field`` generated by a ``ModelSerializer`` will also override automatically
   generated validators for that ``Field``.  To add ``Serializer`` validation back in manually, see the relevant
   `DRF Validators`_ and `DRF Fields`_ documentation.
   One example way to do this is to set the ``default_validators`` attribute on a field.
   .. code-block:: python
      class EmailMessageField(serializers.JSONField):
         default_validators = [my_custom_email_validator]
         ...
 *************************
 Subclassing and extending
@ -315,7 +288,7 @@ class-level attribute named ``swagger_schema`` on the view class, or
 For example, to generate all operation IDs as camel case, you could do:
-.. code-block:: python
+.. code:: python
   from inflection import camelize
@ -347,6 +320,8 @@ This custom generator can be put to use by setting it as the :attr:`.generator_c
 ``Inspector`` classes
 ---------------------
 .. versionadded:: 1.1
 For customizing behavior related to specific field, serializer, filter or paginator classes you can implement the
 :class:`~.inspectors.FieldInspector`, :class:`~.inspectors.SerializerInspector`, :class:`~.inspectors.FilterInspector`,
 :class:`~.inspectors.PaginatorInspector` classes and use them with
@ -356,7 +331,7 @@ For customizing behavior related to specific field, serializer, filter or pagina
 A :class:`~.inspectors.FilterInspector` that adds a description to all ``DjangoFilterBackend`` parameters could be
 implemented like so:
-.. code-block:: python
+.. code:: python
   class DjangoFilterDescriptionInspector(CoreAPICompatInspector):
      def get_filter_parameters(self, filter_backend):
@ -375,14 +350,14 @@ implemented like so:
   ))
   class ArticleViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
      filter_backends = (DjangoFilterBackend,)
-      filterset_fields = ('title',)
+      filter_fields = ('title',)
      ...
 A second example, of a :class:`~.inspectors.FieldInspector` that removes the ``title`` attribute from all generated
 :class:`.Schema` objects:
-.. code-block:: python
+.. code:: python
   class NoSchemaTitleInspector(FieldInspector):
      def process_result(self, result, method_name, obj, **kwargs):
@ -423,30 +398,3 @@ A second example, of a :class:`~.inspectors.FieldInspector` that removes the ``t
   This means that you should generally avoid view or method-specific ``FieldInspector``\ s if you are dealing with
   references (a.k.a named models), because you can never know which view will be the first to generate the schema
   for a given serializer.
   **IMPORTANT:** nested fields on ``ModelSerializer``\ s that are generated from model ``ForeignKeys`` will always be
   output by value. If you want the by-reference behaviour you have to explictly set the serializer class of nested
   fields instead of letting ``ModelSerializer`` generate one automatically; for example:
   .. code-block:: python
      class OneSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
         class Meta:
            model = SomeModel
            fields = ('id',)
      class AnotherSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
         child = OneSerializer()
         class Meta:
            model = SomeParentModel
            fields = ('id', 'child')
   Another caveat that stems from this is that any serializer named "``NestedSerializer``" will be forced inline
   unless it has a ``ref_name`` set explicitly.
 .. _Python 3 type hinting: https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html
 .. _DRF Validators: https://www.django-rest-framework.org/api-guide/validators/
 .. _DRF Fields: https://www.django-rest-framework.org/api-guide/fields/#validators
--- a/docs/custom_ui.rst
+++ b/docs/custom_ui.rst
@ -2,14 +2,6 @@
 Customizing the web UI
 ######################
-The web UI can be customized using the settings available in :ref:`swagger-ui-settings` and :ref:`redoc-ui-settings`.
+There is currently no pluggable way of customizing the web UI apart from the settings available in
-
+:ref:`swagger-ui-settings` and :ref:`redoc-ui-settings`. If you really need to, you can override one of the
-You can also extend one of the `drf-yasg/swagger-ui.html`_ or `drf-yasg/redoc.html`_ templates that are used for
+``drf-yasg/swagger-ui.html`` or ``drf-yasg/redoc.html`` templates that are used for rendering.
 rendering. See the template source code (linked above) for a complete list of customizable blocks.
 The ``swagger-ui`` view has some quite involed JavaScript hooks used for some functionality, which you might also
 want to review at `drf-yasg/swagger-ui-init.js`_.
 .. _drf-yasg/swagger-ui.html: https://github.com/axnsan12/drf-yasg/blob/master/src/drf_yasg/templates/drf-yasg/swagger-ui.html
 .. _drf-yasg/swagger-ui-init.js: https://github.com/axnsan12/drf-yasg/blob/master/src/drf_yasg/static/drf-yasg/swagger-ui-init.js
 .. _drf-yasg/redoc.html: https://github.com/axnsan12/drf-yasg/blob/master/src/drf_yasg/templates/drf-yasg/redoc.html
--- a/docs/index.rst
+++ b/docs/index.rst
@ -12,8 +12,6 @@ drf-yasg
   readme.rst
   rendering.rst
   openapi.rst
   security.rst
   custom_spec.rst
   custom_ui.rst
   settings.rst
--- a/docs/openapi.rst
+++ b/docs/openapi.rst
@ -1,188 +0,0 @@
 .. |br| raw:: html
   <br />
 **********************
 Functional overview
 **********************
 ------------------------------
 OpenAPI specification overview
 ------------------------------
 This library generates OpenAPI 2.0 documents. The authoritative specification for this document's structure will always
 be the official documentation over at `swagger.io <https://swagger.io/>`__ and the `OpenAPI 2.0 specification
 page <https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification/blob/master/versions/2.0.md>`__.
 Because the above specifications are a bit heavy and convoluted, here is a general overview of how the specification
 is structured, starting from the root ``Swagger`` object.
 * :class:`.Swagger` object
   + ``info``, ``schemes``, ``securityDefinitions`` and other informative attributes
   + ``paths``: :class:`.Paths` object
      A list of all the paths in the API in the form of a mapping
      - ``{path}``: :class:`.PathItem` - each :class:`.PathItem` has multiple operations keyed by method
         * ``{http_method}``: :class:`.Operation`
            Each operation is thus uniquely identified by its ``(path, http_method)`` combination,
            e.g. ``GET /articles/``, ``POST /articles/``, etc.
         * ``parameters``: [:class:`.Parameter`] - and a list of path parameters
   + ``definitions``: named Models
      A list of all the named models in the API in the form of a mapping
      - ``{ModelName}``: :class:`.Schema`
 * :class:`.Operation` contains the following information about each operation:
   + ``parameters``: [:class:`.Parameter`]
      A list of all the *query*, *header* and *form* parameters accepted by the operation.
      - there can also be **at most one** body parameter whose structure is represented by a
        :class:`.Schema` or a reference to one (:class:`.SchemaRef`)
   + ``responses``: :class:`.Responses`
      A list of all the possible responses the operation is expected to return. Each response can optionally have a
      :class:`.Schema` which describes the structure of its body.
      - ``{status_code}``: :class:`.Response` - mapping of status code to response definition
   + ``operationId`` - should be unique across all operations
   + ``tags`` - used to group operations in the listing
 It is interesting to note the main differences between :class:`.Parameter` and :class:`.Schema` objects:
 +----------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
 | :class:`.Schema`                                         | :class:`.Parameter`                                       |
 +==========================================================+===========================================================+
 | Can nest other Schemas                                   | Cannot nest other Parameters |br|                         |
 |                                                          | Can only nest a Schema if the parameter is ``in: body``   |
 +----------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
 | Cannot describe file uploads |br|                        | Can describe file uploads via ``type`` = ``file``, |br|   |
 | - ``file`` is not permitted as a value for ``type``      | but only as part of a form :class:`.Operation` [#formop]_ |
 +----------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
 | Can be used in :class:`.Response`\ s                     | Cannot be used in :class:`.Response`\ s                   |
 +----------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
 | Cannot be used in form :class:`.Operation`\ s [#formop]_ | Can be used in form :class:`.Operation`\ s [#formop]_     |
 +----------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
 | Can only describe request or response bodies             | Can describe ``query``, ``form``, ``header`` or ``path``  |
 |                                                          | parameters                                                |
 +----------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
 .. [#formop] a form Operation is an :class:`.Operation` that consumes ``multipart/form-data`` or
   ``application/x-www-form-urlencoded`` content
      * a form Operation cannot have ``body`` parameters
      * a non-form operation cannot have ``form`` parameters
 ----------------
 Default behavior
 ----------------
 This section describes where information is sourced from when using the default generation process.
 * :class:`.Paths` are generated by exploring the patterns registered in your default ``urlconf``, or the ``patterns``
  and ``urlconf`` you specified when constructing :class:`.OpenAPISchemaGenerator`; only views inheriting from Django
  Rest Framework's ``APIView`` are looked at, all other views are ignored
 * ``path`` :class:`.Parameter`\ s are generated by looking in the URL pattern for any template parameters; attempts are
  made to guess their type from the views ``queryset`` and ``lookup_field``, if applicable. You can override path
  parameters via ``manual_parameters`` in :ref:`@swagger_auto_schema <custom-spec-swagger-auto-schema>`.
 * ``query`` :class:`.Parameter`\ s - i.e. parameters specified in the URL as ``/path/?query1=value&query2=value`` -
  are generated from your view's ``filter_backends`` and ``paginator``, if any are declared. Additional parameters can
  be specified via the ``query_serializer`` and ``manual_parameters`` arguments of
  :ref:`@swagger_auto_schema <custom-spec-swagger-auto-schema>`
 * The request body is only generated for the HTTP ``POST``, ``PUT`` and ``PATCH`` methods, and is sourced from the
  view's ``serializer_class``. You can also override the request body using the ``request_body`` argument of
  :ref:`@swagger_auto_schema <custom-spec-swagger-auto-schema>`.
   - if the view represents a form request (that is, all its parsers are of the ``multipart/form-data`` or
     ``application/x-www-form-urlencoded`` media types), the request body will be output as ``form``
     :class:`.Parameter`\ s
   - if it is not a form request, the request body will be output as a single ``body`` :class:`.Parameter` wrapped
     around a :class:`.Schema`
 * ``header`` :class:`.Parameter`\ s are supported by the OpenAPI specification but are never generated by this library;
  you can still add them using ``manual_parameters``.
 * :class:`.Responses` are generated as follows:
   + if ``responses`` is provided to :ref:`@swagger_auto_schema <custom-spec-swagger-auto-schema>` and contains at least
     one success status code (i.e. any `2xx` status code), no automatic response is generated and the given response
     is used as described in the :func:`@swagger_auto_schema documentation <.swagger_auto_schema>`
   + otherwise, an attempt is made to generate a default response:
      - the success status code is assumed to be ``204` for ``DELETE`` requests, ``201`` for ``POST`` requests, and
        ``200`` for all other request methods
      - if the view has a request body, the same ``Serializer`` or :class:`.Schema` as in the request body is used
        in generating the :class:`.Response` schema; this is inline with the default ``GenericAPIView`` and
        ``GenericViewSet`` behavior
      - if the view has no request body, its ``serializer_class`` is used to generate the :class:`.Response` schema
      - if the view is a list view (as defined by :func:`.is_list_view`), the response schema is wrapped in an array
      - if the view is also paginated, the response schema is then wrapped in the appropriate paging response structure
      - the description of the response is left blank
 * :class:`.Response` headers are supported by the OpenAPI specification but not currently supported by this library;
  you can still add them manually by providing an `appropriately structured dictionary
  <https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification/blob/master/versions/2.0.md#headersObject>`_
  to the ``headers`` property of a :class:`.Response` object
 * *descriptions* for :class:`.Operation`\ s, :class:`.Parameter`\ s and :class:`.Schema`\ s are picked up from
  docstrings and ``help_text`` attributes in the same manner as the `default DRF SchemaGenerator
  <http://www.django-rest-framework.org/api-guide/schemas/#schemas-as-documentation>`_
 * .. _custom-spec-base-url:
  The base URL for the API consists of three values - the ``host``, ``schemes`` and ``basePath`` attributes
 * The host name and scheme are determined, in descending order of priority:
   + from the ``url`` argument passed to :func:`.get_schema_view` (more specifically, to the underlying
     :class:`.OpenAPISchemaGenerator`)
   + from the :ref:`DEFAULT_API_URL setting <default-swagger-settings>`
   + inferred from the request made to the schema endpoint
   For example, an url of ``https://www.example.com:8080/some/path`` will populate the ``host`` and ``schemes``
   attributes with ``www.example.com:8080`` and ``['https']``, respectively. The path component will be ignored.
 * The base path is determined as the concatenation of two variables:
   #. the `SCRIPT_NAME`_ wsgi environment variable; this is set, for example, when serving the site from a
      sub-path using web server url rewriting
      .. Tip::
         The Django `FORCE_SCRIPT_NAME`_ setting can be used to override the `SCRIPT_NAME`_ or set it when it's
         missing from the environment.
   #. the longest common path prefix of all the urls in your API - see :meth:`.determine_path_prefix`
 * When using API versioning with ``NamespaceVersioning`` or ``URLPathVersioning``, versioned endpoints that do not
  match the version used to access the ``SchemaView`` will be excluded from the endpoint list - for example,
  ``/api/v1.0/endpoint`` will be shown when viewing ``/api/v1.0/swagger/``, while ``/api/v2.0/endpoint`` will not
  Other versioning schemes are not presently supported.
 ---------------------
 A note on limitations
 ---------------------
 When schema generation is requested, available endpoints are inspected by enumeration all the routes registered in
 Django's urlconf. Each registered view is then artificially instantiated for introspection, and it is this step that
 brings some limitations to what can be done:
 * the ``request`` the view sees will always be the request made against the schema view endpoint
  - e.g. ``GET /swagger.yaml``
 * path parameters will not be filled
 This means that you could get surprizing results if your ``get_serializer`` or ``get_serializer_class`` methods
 depend on the incoming request, call ``get_object`` or in general depend on any stateful logic. You can prevent this
 in a few ways:
 * provide a fixed serializer for request and response body introspection using
  :ref:`@swagger_auto_schema <custom-spec-swagger-auto-schema>`, to prevent ``get_serializer`` from being called on
  the view
 * :ref:`exclude your endpoint from introspection <custom-spec-excluding-endpoints>`
 * use the ``swagger_fake_view`` marker to detect requests generated by ``drf-yasg``:
   .. code-block:: python
     def get_serializer_class(self):
        if getattr(self, 'swagger_fake_view', False):
           return TodoTreeSerializer
        raise NotImplementedError("must not call this")
 .. _SCRIPT_NAME: https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0333/#environ-variables
 .. _FORCE_SCRIPT_NAME: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.0/ref/settings/#force-script-name
--- a/docs/rendering.rst
+++ b/docs/rendering.rst
@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 Serving the schema
 ##################
 ************************************************
 ``get_schema_view`` and the ``SchemaView`` class
 ************************************************
@ -15,7 +14,7 @@ in the README for a usage example.
 You can also subclass :class:`.SchemaView` by extending the return value of :func:`.get_schema_view`, e.g.:
-.. code-block:: python
+.. code:: python
    SchemaView = get_schema_view(info, ...)
@ -34,52 +33,3 @@ codec and the view.
 You can use your custom renderer classes as kwargs to :meth:`.SchemaView.as_cached_view` or by subclassing
 :class:`.SchemaView`.
 .. _management-command:
 ******************
 Management command
 ******************
 If you only need a swagger spec file in YAML or JSON format, you can use the ``generate_swagger`` management command
 to get it without having to start the web server:
 .. code-block:: console
   $ python manage.py generate_swagger swagger.json
 See the command help for more advanced options:
 .. code-block:: console
   $ python manage.py generate_swagger --help
   usage: manage.py generate_swagger [-h] [--version] [-v {0,1,2,3}]
      ... more options ...
 .. Note::
   The :ref:`DEFAULT_INFO <default-swagger-settings>` setting must be defined when using the ``generate_swagger``
   command. For example, the :ref:`README quickstart <readme-quickstart>` code could be modified as such:
   In ``settings.py``:
   .. code-block:: python
      SWAGGER_SETTINGS = {
         'DEFAULT_INFO': 'import.path.to.urls.api_info',
      }
   In ``urls.py``:
   .. code-block:: python
      api_info = openapi.Info(
         title="Snippets API",
         ... other arguments ...
      )
      schema_view = get_schema_view(
         # the info argument is no longer needed here as it will be picked up from DEFAULT_INFO
         ... other arguments ...
      )
--- a/docs/security.rst
+++ b/docs/security.rst
@ -1,99 +0,0 @@
 *********************************
 Describing authentication schemes
 *********************************
 When using the `swagger-ui` frontend, it is possible to interact with the API described by your Swagger document.
 This interaction might require authentication, which you will have to describe in order to make `swagger-ui` work
 with it.
 --------------------
 Security definitions
 --------------------
 The first step that you have to do is add a :ref:`SECURITY_DEFINITIONS <security-definitions-settings>` setting
 to declare all authentication schemes supported by your API.
 For example, the definition for a simple API accepting HTTP basic auth and `Authorization` header API tokens would be:
 .. code-block:: python
   SWAGGER_SETTINGS = {
      'SECURITY_DEFINITIONS': {
         'Basic': {
               'type': 'basic'
         },
         'Bearer': {
               'type': 'apiKey',
               'name': 'Authorization',
               'in': 'header'
         }
      }
   }
 ---------------------
 Security requirements
 ---------------------
 The second step is specifying, for each endpoint, which authentication mechanism can be used for interacting with it.
 See https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification/blob/master/versions/2.0.md#security-requirement-object for details.
 By default, a top-level `security` that accepts any one of the declared security definitions is generated.
 For the example above, that would be :code:`[{'Basic': []}, {'Bearer': []}]`. This can be overriden using the
 :ref:`SECURITY_REQUIREMENTS <security-definitions-settings>` setting.
 Operation-level overrides can be added using the ``security`` parameter of
 :ref:`@swagger_auto_schema <custom-spec-swagger-auto-schema>`.
 -------------------------------
 ``swagger-ui`` as OAuth2 client
 -------------------------------
 It is possible to configure ``swagger-ui`` to authenticate against your (or a third party) OAuth2 service when sending
 "Try it out" requests. This client-side configuration does not remove the requirement of a spec-side
 :ref:`security definiiton <security-definitions-settings>`, but merely allows you to test OAuth2 APIs using
 ``swagger-ui`` as a client.
 **DISCLAIMER**: this setup is very poorly tested as I do not currently implement OAuth in any of my projects. All
 contributions relating to documentation, bugs, mistakes or anything else are welcome as an issue or pull request. The
 settings described below were added as a result of discussion in issue :issue:`53`.
 The settings of interest can be found on the :ref:`settings page <oauth2-settings>`. Configuration options are similar
 to most OAuth client setups like web or mobile applications. Reading the relevant ``swagger-ui`` docmentation linked
 will also probably help.
 Example
 ^^^^^^^
 A very simple working configuration was provided by :ghuser:`Vigrond`, originally at
 `https://github.com/Vigrond/django_oauth2_example <https://github.com/Vigrond/django_oauth2_example>`_.
 .. code-block:: python
   SWAGGER_SETTINGS = {
      'USE_SESSION_AUTH': False,
      'SECURITY_DEFINITIONS': {
         'Your App API - Swagger': {
            'type': 'oauth2',
            'authorizationUrl': '/yourapp/o/authorize',
            'tokenUrl': '/yourapp/o/token/',
            'flow': 'accessCode',
            'scopes': {
             'read:groups': 'read groups',
            }
         }
      },
      'OAUTH2_CONFIG': {
         'clientId': 'yourAppClientId',
         'clientSecret': 'yourAppClientSecret',
         'appName': 'your application name'
      },
   }
 If the OAuth2 provider requires you to provide the full absolute redirect URL, the default value for most
 ``staticfiles`` configurations will be ``<origin>/static/drf-yasg/swagger-ui-dist/oauth2-redirect.html``. If this is
 not suitable for some reason, you can override the ``OAUTH2_REDIRECT_URL`` setting as appropriate.
--- a/docs/settings.rst
+++ b/docs/settings.rst
@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ Example:
 **settings.py**
-.. code-block:: python
+.. code:: python
   SWAGGER_SETTINGS = {
       'SECURITY_DEFINITIONS': {
@ -27,41 +27,22 @@ Example:
   }
   REDOC_SETTINGS = {
-      'LAZY_RENDERING': False,
+      'LAZY_RENDERING': True,
      ...
   }
 .. _url-settings:
 All settings which configure URLs (``LOGIN_URL``, ``SPEC_URL``, ``VALIDATOR_URL``, etc.) can accept several forms of
 input:
 * A view name: `urls.reverse()` will be used to reverse-resolve the name
 * A 2-tuple of ``(view_name, kwargs)```: `urls.reverse()` will be used to reverse-resolve the name using the given
  `kwargs`; `kwargs` must be a dict
 * A 3-tuple of ``(view_name, args, kwargs)```: `urls.reverse()` will be used to reverse-resolve the name using the given
  `args` and `kwargs`; `args`, `kwargs` must be a tuple/list and a dict respectively
 * A URL, which will be used as-is
 The possible settings and their default values are as follows:
-****************
+********************
-SWAGGER_SETTINGS
+``SWAGGER_SETTINGS``
-****************
+********************
 .. _default-class-settings:
 Default classes
 ===============
 DEFAULT_GENERATOR_CLASS
 -------------------------
 :class:`~.generators.OpenAPISchemaGenerator` subclass that will be used by default for generating the final
 :class:`.Schema` object. Can be overriden by the ``generator_class`` argument to :func:`.get_schema_view`.
 **Default**: :class:`drf_yasg.generators.OpenAPISchemaGenerator`
 DEFAULT_AUTO_SCHEMA_CLASS
 -------------------------
@ -85,10 +66,6 @@ to this list.
 :class:`'drf_yasg.inspectors.ChoiceFieldInspector' <.inspectors.ChoiceFieldInspector>`, |br| \
 :class:`'drf_yasg.inspectors.FileFieldInspector' <.inspectors.FileFieldInspector>`, |br| \
 :class:`'drf_yasg.inspectors.DictFieldInspector' <.inspectors.DictFieldInspector>`, |br| \
 :class:`'drf_yasg.inspectors.JSONFieldInspector' <.inspectors.JSONFieldInspector>`, |br| \
 :class:`'drf_yasg.inspectors.HiddenFieldInspector' <.inspectors.HiddenFieldInspector>`, |br| \
 :class:`'drf_yasg.inspectors.RecursiveFieldInspector' <.inspectors.RecursiveFieldInspector>`, |br| \
 :class:`'drf_yasg.inspectors.SerializerMethodFieldInspector' <.inspectors.SerializerMethodFieldInspector>`, |br| \
 :class:`'drf_yasg.inspectors.SimpleFieldInspector' <.inspectors.SimpleFieldInspector>`, |br| \
 :class:`'drf_yasg.inspectors.StringDefaultFieldInspector' <.inspectors.StringDefaultFieldInspector>`, |br| \
 ``]``
@ -114,38 +91,6 @@ Paginator inspectors given to :func:`@swagger_auto_schema <.swagger_auto_schema>
 :class:`'drf_yasg.inspectors.CoreAPICompatInspector' <.inspectors.CoreAPICompatInspector>`, |br| \
 ``]``
 Swagger document attributes
 ===========================
 EXCLUDED_MEDIA_TYPES
 --------------------
 A list of keywords for excluding MIME types from ``Operation.produces``. Any MIME type string which includes one of
 the substrings in this list will be prevented from appearing in a ``produces`` array in the Swagger document.
 **Default**: :python:`['html']`
 .. _default-swagger-settings:
 DEFAULT_INFO
 ------------
 An import string to an :class:`.openapi.Info` object. This will be used when running the ``generate_swagger``
 management command, or if no ``info`` argument is passed to :func:`.get_schema_view`.
 **Default**: :python:`None`
 DEFAULT_API_URL
 ---------------
 A string representing the default API URL. This will be used to populate the ``host`` and ``schemes`` attributes
 of the Swagger document if no API URL is otherwise provided. The Django `FORCE_SCRIPT_NAME`_ setting can be used for
 providing an API mount point prefix.
 See also: :ref:`documentation on base URL construction <custom-spec-base-url>`
 **Default**: :python:`None`
 Authorization
 =============
@ -171,9 +116,6 @@ URL for the Django Logout action when using `USE_SESSION_AUTH`_.
 **Default**: :python:`django.conf.settings.LOGOUT_URL`
 .. _security-definitions-settings:
 SECURITY_DEFINITIONS
 --------------------
@ -182,20 +124,12 @@ See https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification/blob/master/versions/2.0.md#sec
 **Default**:
-.. code-block:: python
+.. code:: python
   'basic': {
      'type': 'basic'
   }
 SECURITY_REQUIREMENTS
 ---------------------
 Global security requirements. If :python:`None`, all schemes in ``SECURITY_DEFINITIONS`` are accepted. |br|
 See https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification/blob/master/versions/2.0.md#securityRequirementObject.
 **Default**: :python:`None`
 .. _swagger-ui-settings:
 Swagger UI settings
@ -204,15 +138,6 @@ Swagger UI settings
 Swagger UI configuration settings. |br|
 See https://github.com/swagger-api/swagger-ui/blob/112bca906553a937ac67adc2e500bdeed96d067b/docs/usage/configuration.md#parameters.
 SPEC_URL
 --------
 URL pointing to a swagger document for use by swagger-ui. The default behaviour is to append ``?format=openapi`` to the
 URL which serves the UI; see :ref:`note on URL settings <url-settings>` above.
 **Default**: :python:`None` |br|
 *Maps to parameter*: ``url``
 VALIDATOR_URL
 -------------
@ -223,48 +148,14 @@ set to ``None`` to remove the badge.
 **Default**: :python:`'http://online.swagger.io/validator/'` |br|
 *Maps to parameter*: ``validatorUrl``
 PERSIST_AUTH
 ------------
 Persist swagger-ui authorization data to local storage. |br|
 **WARNING:** This may be a security risk as the credentials are stored unencrypted and can be accessed
 by all javascript code running on the same domain.
 **Default**: :python:`False` |br|
 *Maps to parameter*: -
 REFETCH_SCHEMA_WITH_AUTH
 ------------------------
 Re-fetch the OpenAPI document with the new credentials after authorization is performed through swagger-ui.
 **Default**: :python:`False` |br|
 *Maps to parameter*: -
 REFETCH_SCHEMA_ON_LOGOUT
 ------------------------
 Re-fetch the OpenAPI document without credentials after authorization is removed through swagger-ui.
 **Default**: :python:`False` |br|
 *Maps to parameter*: -
 FETCH_SCHEMA_WITH_QUERY
 -----------------------
 Fetch the OpenAPI document using the query parameters passed to the swagger-ui page request.
 **Default**: :python:`True` |br|
 *Maps to parameter*: -
 OPERATIONS_SORTER
 -----------------
 Sorting order for the operation list of each tag.
 * :python:`None`: show in the order returned by the server
-* :python:`'alpha'`: sort alphabetically by path
+* :python:`alpha`: sort alphabetically by path
-* :python:`'method'`: sort by HTTP method
+* :python:`method`: sort by HTTP method
 **Default**: :python:`None` |br|
 *Maps to parameter*: ``operationsSorter``
@ -275,7 +166,7 @@ TAGS_SORTER
 Sorting order for tagged operation groups.
 * :python:`None`: Swagger UI default ordering
-* :python:`'alpha'`: sort alphabetically
+* :python:`alpha`: sort alphabetically
 **Default**: :python:`None` |br|
 *Maps to parameter*: ``tagsSorter``
@ -285,9 +176,9 @@ DOC_EXPANSION
 Controls the default expansion setting for the operations and tags.
-* :python:`'none'`: everything is collapsed
+* :python:`None`: everything is collapsed
-* :python:`'list'`: only tags are expanded
+* :python:`list`: only tags are expanded
-* :python:`'full'`: all operations are expanded
+* :python:`full`: all operations are expanded
 **Default**: :python:`'list'` |br|
 *Maps to parameter*: ``docExpansion``
@ -313,8 +204,8 @@ DEFAULT_MODEL_RENDERING
 Controls whether operations show the model structure or the example value by default.
-* :python:`'model'`: show the model fields by default
+* :python:`model`: show the model fields by default
-* :python:`'example'`: show the example value by default
+* :python:`example`: show the example value by default
 **Default**: :python:`'model'` |br|
 *Maps to parameter*: ``defaultModelRendering``
@ -327,57 +218,9 @@ Controls how many levels are expaned by default when showing nested models.
 **Default**: :python:`3` |br|
 *Maps to parameter*: ``defaultModelExpandDepth``
-SHOW_COMMON_EXTENSIONS
+******************
----------------------
+``REDOC_SETTINGS``
-
+******************
 Controls the display of extensions (``pattern``, ``maxLength``, ``minLength``, ``maximum``, ``minimum``) fields and
 values for Parameters.
 **Default**: :python:`True` |br|
 *Maps to parameter*: ``showCommonExtensions``
 .. _oauth2-settings:
 OAUTH2_REDIRECT_URL
 -------------------
 Used when OAuth2 authentication of API requests via swagger-ui is desired. If ``None`` is passed, the
 ``oauth2RedirectUrl`` parameter will be set to ``{% static 'drf-yasg/swagger-ui-dist/oauth2-redirect.html' %}``. This
 is the default `https://github.com/swagger-api/swagger-ui/blob/master/dist/oauth2-redirect.html <oauth2-redirect>`_
 file provided by ``swagger-ui``.
 **Default**: :python:`None` |br|
 *Maps to parameter*: ``oauth2RedirectUrl``
 OAUTH2_CONFIG
 -------------
 Used when OAuth2 authentication of API requests via swagger-ui is desired. Provides OAuth2 configuration parameters
 to the ``SwaggerUIBundle#initOAuth`` method, and must be a dictionary. See
 `OAuth2 configuration <https://github.com/swagger-api/swagger-ui/blob/master/docs/usage/oauth2.md>`_.
 **Default**: :python:`{}`
 SUPPORTED_SUBMIT_METHODS
 ------------------------
 List of HTTP methods that have the Try it out feature enabled. An empty array disables Try it out for all operations.
 This does not filter the operations from the display.
 **Default**: :python:`['get','put','post','delete','options','head','patch','trace']` |br|
 *Maps to parameter*: ``supportedSubmitMethods``
 DISPLAY_OPERATION_ID
 --------------------
 Controls the display of operationId in operations list.
 **Default**: :python:`True`
 *Maps to parameter*: ``displayOperationId``
 **************
 REDOC_SETTINGS
 **************
 .. _redoc-ui-settings:
@ -385,78 +228,28 @@ ReDoc UI settings
 =================
 ReDoc UI configuration settings. |br|
-See https://github.com/Rebilly/ReDoc#configuration.
+See https://github.com/Rebilly/ReDoc#redoc-tag-attributes.
 SPEC_URL
 --------
 URL pointing to a swagger document for use by ReDoc. The default behaviour is to append ``?format=openapi`` to the
 URL which serves the UI; see :ref:`note on URL settings <url-settings>` above.
 **Default**: :python:`None` |br|
 *Maps to attribute*: ``spec-url``
 LAZY_RENDERING
 --------------
-If set, enables lazy rendering mode in ReDoc. This mode is useful for APIs with big number of operations (e.g. > 50).
+**Default**: :python:`True` |br|
-In this mode ReDoc shows initial screen ASAP and then renders the rest operations asynchronously while showing
+*Maps to attribute*: ``lazy-rendering``
 progress bar on the top.
 **NOTE:** this feature might be removed in future versions of ReDoc (see https://github.com/Rebilly/ReDoc/issues/475)
 **Default**: :python:`False` |br|
 *Maps to attribute*: ``lazyRendering``
 HIDE_HOSTNAME
 -------------
 If set, the protocol and hostname is not shown in the operation definition.
 **Default**: :python:`False` |br|
-*Maps to attribute*: ``hideHostname``
+*Maps to attribute*: ``hide-hostname``
 EXPAND_RESPONSES
 ----------------
 Specify which responses to expand by default by response codes. Values should be passed as comma-separated list without
 spaces e.g. expandResponses="200,201". Special value "all" expands all responses by default.
 Be careful: this option can slow-down documentation rendering time.
 **Default**: :python:`'all'` |br|
-*Maps to attribute*: ``expandResponses``
+*Maps to attribute*: ``expand-responses``
 PATH_IN_MIDDLE
 --------------
 Show path link and HTTP verb in the middle panel instead of the right one.
 **Default**: :python:`False` |br|
-*Maps to attribute*: ``pathInMiddlePanel``
+*Maps to attribute*: ``path-in-middle-panel``
 NATIVE_SCROLLBARS
 -----------------
 Use native scrollbar for sidemenu instead of perfect-scroll (scrolling performance optimization for big specs).
 **Default**: :python:`False` |br|
 *Maps to attribute*: ``nativeScrollbars``
 REQUIRED_PROPS_FIRST
 --------------------
 Show required properties first ordered in the same order as in required array.
 **Default**: :python:`False` |br|
 *Maps to attribute*: ``requiredPropsFirst``
 FETCH_SCHEMA_WITH_QUERY
 -----------------------
 Fetch the OpenAPI document using the query parameters passed to the ReDoc page request.
 **Default**: :python:`True` |br|
 *Maps to parameter*: -
 .. _FORCE_SCRIPT_NAME: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.0/ref/settings/#force-script-name
--- a/package-lock.json
+++ b/package-lock.json
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@ -1,12 +1,7 @@
 {
  "name": "drf-yasg",
  "dependencies": {
-    "redoc": "^2.0.0-rc.14",
+    "redoc": "^1.19.3",
-    "swagger-ui-dist": "^3.23.11"
+    "swagger-ui-dist": "^3.8.0"
-  },
+  }
  "repository": {
    "type": "git",
    "url": "https://github.com/axnsan12/drf-yasg.git"
  },
  "private": true
 }
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
 [build-system]
 requires = ["setuptools >= 40.6.3", "wheel", "setuptools-scm >= 3.0.3"]
 build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"
--- a/requirements.txt
+++ b/requirements.txt
@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
 # this file is only used when deploying to heroku, because heroku insists on having a root-level requirements.txt
 # for normal usage see the requirements/ directory
 .[validation]
 -r requirements/heroku.txt
--- a/requirements/base.txt
+++ b/requirements/base.txt
@ -1,10 +1,6 @@
 coreapi>=2.3.3
 coreschema>=0.0.4
 openapi_codec>=1.3.2
 ruamel.yaml>=0.15.34
 inflection>=0.3.1
-six>=1.10.0
+future>=0.16.0
 uritemplate>=3.0.0
 packaging
 djangorestframework>=3.8
 Django>=1.11.7
--- a/requirements/ci.txt
+++ b/requirements/ci.txt
@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-# requirements for the CI test runner
+# requirements for CI test suite
 -r dev.txt
 tox-travis>=0.10
 codecov>=2.0.9
 -r tox.txt
--- a/requirements/dev.txt
+++ b/requirements/dev.txt
@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
-# requirements for local development to be installed via pip install -U -r requirements/dev.txt
+# requirements for local development
-r tox.txt
+tox>=2.9.1
 -r test.txt
 -r lint.txt
 tox-battery>=0.5
-django-oauth-toolkit
+
 # do not unpin this (see setup.py)
 setuptools_scm==1.15.6
--- a/requirements/docs.txt
+++ b/requirements/docs.txt
@ -1,9 +1,6 @@
-# used by the 'docs' tox env for building the documentation
+Sphinx==1.6.5
-Sphinx>=1.7.0
+sphinx_rtd_theme==0.2.4
-sphinx_rtd_theme>=0.2.4
+Pillow==4.3.0
-Pillow>=4.3.0
+readme_renderer==17.2
 readme_renderer[md]>=24.0
 twine>=1.12.1
-Django>=2.0
+Django==2.0
 djangorestframework_camel_case>=0.2.0
--- a/requirements/heroku.txt
+++ b/requirements/heroku.txt
@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
 # requirements necessary when deploying the test project to heroku
 -r testproj.txt
 psycopg2>=2.7.3
 gunicorn>=19.7.1
 whitenoise>=3.3.1
--- a/requirements/lint.txt
+++ b/requirements/lint.txt
@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
 # used by the 'lint' tox env for linting via flake8
 isort>=4.2
 flake8>=3.5.0
 flake8-isort>=2.3
--- a/requirements/test.txt
+++ b/requirements/test.txt
@ -1,11 +1,15 @@
-# requirements for running the tests via pytest
+# pytest runner + plugins
-pytest>=4.0
+pytest>=2.9
 pytest-pythonpath>=0.7.1
-pytest-cov>=2.6.0
+pytest-cov>=2.5.1
-pytest-xdist>=1.25.0
+# latest pip version of pytest-django is more than a year old and does not support Django 2.0
-pytest-django>=3.4.4
+git+https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest-django.git@94cccb956435dd7a719606744ee7608397e1eafb
 datadiff==2.0.0
 psycopg2-binary==2.8.3
 django-fake-model==0.1.4
-r testproj.txt
+# test project requirements
 Pillow>=4.3.0
 pygments>=2.2.0
 django-cors-headers>=2.1.0
 django-filter>=1.1.0,<2.0; python_version == "2.7"
 django-filter>=1.1.0; python_version >= "3.4"
 djangorestframework-camel-case>=0.2.0
--- a/requirements/testproj.txt
+++ b/requirements/testproj.txt
@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
 # test project requirements
 Pillow>=4.3.0
 django-filter>=1.1.0,<2.0; python_version == "2.7"
 django-filter>=1.1.0; python_version >= "3.5"
 djangorestframework-camel-case>=1.1.2
 djangorestframework-recursive>=0.1.2
 dj-database-url>=0.4.2
 user_agents>=1.1.0
 django-cors-headers
--- a/requirements/tox.txt
+++ b/requirements/tox.txt
@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
 # requirements for building and running tox
 tox>=3.3.0
--- a/requirements/validation.txt
+++ b/requirements/validation.txt
@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
 # requirements for the validation feature
 flex>=6.11.1
 swagger-spec-validator>=2.1.0
--- a/runtime.txt
+++ b/runtime.txt
@ -1 +0,0 @@
 python-3.7.3
--- a/setup.cfg
+++ b/setup.cfg
@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
 [bdist_wheel]
 universal = 1
 [metadata]
 license_file = LICENSE.rst
--- a/setup.py
+++ b/setup.py
@ -1,96 +1,94 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 from __future__ import print_function
 import io
 import os
 import sys
-from setuptools import find_packages, setup
+from setuptools import setup, find_packages
 import distutils.core
 requirements_setup = ['setuptools_scm==1.15.6']
 def _install_setup_requires(attrs):
    # copied from setuptools
    dist = distutils.core.Distribution(dict(
        (k, v) for k, v in attrs.items()
        if k in ('dependency_links', 'setup_requires')
    ))
    # Honor setup.cfg's options.
    dist.parse_config_files(ignore_option_errors=True)
    if dist.setup_requires:
        dist.fetch_build_eggs(dist.setup_requires)
 if 'sdist' in sys.argv:
    try:
        # try to install setuptools_scm before setuptools does it, otherwise our monkey patch below will come too early
        # (setuptools_scm adds find_files hooks into setuptools on install)
        _install_setup_requires({'setup_requires': requirements_setup})
    except Exception:
        pass
    try:
        # see https://github.com/pypa/setuptools_scm/issues/190, setuptools_scm includes ALL versioned files from
        # the git repo into the sdist by default, and there is no easy way to provide an opt-out;
        # this hack is ugly but does the job; because this is not really a documented interface of the module,
        # the setuptools_scm version should remain pinned to ensure it keeps working
        import setuptools_scm.integration
        setuptools_scm.integration.find_files = lambda _: []
    except ImportError:
        pass
 def read_req(req_file):
    with open(os.path.join('requirements', req_file)) as req:
-        return [line.strip() for line in req.readlines() if line.strip() and not line.strip().startswith('#')]
+        return [line for line in req.readlines() if line and not line.isspace()]
 with io.open('README.rst', encoding='utf-8') as readme:
    description = readme.read()
-requirements = read_req('base.txt')
+requirements = ['djangorestframework>=3.7.0'] + read_req('base.txt')
 requirements_validation = read_req('validation.txt')
-py3_supported_range = (5, 8)
+setup(
-
+    name='drf-yasg',
-# convert inclusive range to exclusive range
+    use_scm_version=True,
-py3_supported_range = (py3_supported_range[0], py3_supported_range[1] + 1)
+    packages=find_packages('src'),
-python_requires = ", ".join([">=2.7"] + ["!=3.{}.*".format(v) for v in range(0, py3_supported_range[0])])
+    package_dir={'': 'src'},
-python_classifiers = [
+    include_package_data=True,
-    'Programming Language :: Python',
+    install_requires=requirements,
-    'Programming Language :: Python :: 2',
+    setup_requires=requirements_setup,
-    'Programming Language :: Python :: 2.7',
+    extras_require={
-    'Programming Language :: Python :: 3',
+        'validation': requirements_validation,
-] + ['Programming Language :: Python :: 3.{}'.format(v) for v in range(*py3_supported_range)]
+    },
-
+    license='BSD License',
-
+    description='Automated generation of real Swagger/OpenAPI 2.0 schemas from Django Rest Framework code.',
-def drf_yasg_setup(**kwargs):
+    long_description=description,
-    setup(
+    url='https://github.com/axnsan12/drf-yasg',
-        name='drf-yasg',
+    author='Cristi V.',
-        packages=find_packages('src'),
+    author_email='cristi@cvjd.me',
-        package_dir={'': 'src'},
+    keywords='drf django django-rest-framework schema swagger openapi codegen swagger-codegen '
-        include_package_data=True,
+             'documentation drf-yasg django-rest-swagger drf-openapi',
-        install_requires=requirements,
+    classifiers=[
-        extras_require={
+        'Intended Audience :: Developers',
-            'validation': requirements_validation,
+        'License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License',
-        },
+        'Development Status :: 4 - Beta',
-        license='BSD License',
+        'Operating System :: OS Independent',
-        description='Automated generation of real Swagger/OpenAPI 2.0 schemas from Django Rest Framework code.',
+        'Environment :: Web Environment',
-        long_description=description,
+        'Programming Language :: Python',
-        url='https://github.com/axnsan12/drf-yasg',
+        'Programming Language :: Python :: 2',
-        author='Cristi V.',
+        'Programming Language :: Python :: 2.7',
-        author_email='cristi@cvjd.me',
+        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3',
-        keywords='drf django django-rest-framework schema swagger openapi codegen swagger-codegen '
+        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.4',
-                 'documentation drf-yasg django-rest-swagger drf-openapi',
+        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.5',
-        python_requires=python_requires,
+        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.6',
-        classifiers=[
+        'Framework :: Django',
-            'Intended Audience :: Developers',
+        'Framework :: Django :: 1.11',
-            'License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License',
+        'Framework :: Django :: 2.0',
-            'Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable',
+        'Topic :: Documentation',
-            'Operating System :: OS Independent',
+        'Topic :: Software Development :: Code Generators',
-            'Environment :: Web Environment',
+    ],
-            'Framework :: Django',
+)
            'Framework :: Django :: 1.11',
            'Framework :: Django :: 2.0',
            'Framework :: Django :: 2.1',
            'Framework :: Django :: 2.2',
            'Topic :: Documentation',
            'Topic :: Software Development :: Code Generators',
        ] + python_classifiers,
        **kwargs
    )
 try:
    # noinspection PyUnresolvedReferences
    import setuptools_scm  # noqa: F401
    drf_yasg_setup(use_scm_version=True)
 except (ImportError, LookupError) as e:
    if os.getenv('CI', 'false') == 'true' or os.getenv('TRAVIS', 'false') == 'true':
        # don't silently fail on travis - we don't want to accidentally push a dummy version to PyPI
        raise
    err_msg = str(e)
    if 'setuptools-scm' in err_msg or 'setuptools_scm' in err_msg:
        import time
        import traceback
        timestamp_ms = int(time.time() * 1000)
        timestamp_str = hex(timestamp_ms)[2:].zfill(16)
        dummy_version = '1!0.0.0.dev0+noscm.' + timestamp_str
        drf_yasg_setup(version=dummy_version)
        traceback.print_exc(file=sys.stderr)
        print("failed to detect version, package was built with dummy version " + dummy_version, file=sys.stderr)
    else:
        raise
--- a/src/drf_yasg/init.py
+++ b/src/drf_yasg/init.py
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # coding=utf-8
-from pkg_resources import DistributionNotFound, get_distribution
+from pkg_resources import get_distribution, DistributionNotFound
 __author__ = """Cristi V."""
 __email__ = 'cristi@cvjd.me'
--- a/src/drf_yasg/app_settings.py
+++ b/src/drf_yasg/app_settings.py
@ -2,20 +2,15 @@ from django.conf import settings
 from rest_framework.settings import perform_import
 SWAGGER_DEFAULTS = {
    'DEFAULT_GENERATOR_CLASS': 'drf_yasg.generators.OpenAPISchemaGenerator',
    'DEFAULT_AUTO_SCHEMA_CLASS': 'drf_yasg.inspectors.SwaggerAutoSchema',
    'DEFAULT_FIELD_INSPECTORS': [
        'drf_yasg.inspectors.CamelCaseJSONFilter',
        'drf_yasg.inspectors.RecursiveFieldInspector',
        'drf_yasg.inspectors.ReferencingSerializerInspector',
        'drf_yasg.inspectors.RelatedFieldInspector',
        'drf_yasg.inspectors.ChoiceFieldInspector',
        'drf_yasg.inspectors.FileFieldInspector',
        'drf_yasg.inspectors.DictFieldInspector',
        'drf_yasg.inspectors.JSONFieldInspector',
        'drf_yasg.inspectors.HiddenFieldInspector',
        'drf_yasg.inspectors.RelatedFieldInspector',
        'drf_yasg.inspectors.SerializerMethodFieldInspector',
        'drf_yasg.inspectors.SimpleFieldInspector',
        'drf_yasg.inspectors.StringDefaultFieldInspector',
    ],
@ -27,26 +22,15 @@ SWAGGER_DEFAULTS = {
        'drf_yasg.inspectors.CoreAPICompatInspector',
    ],
    'EXCLUDED_MEDIA_TYPES': ['html'],
    'DEFAULT_INFO': None,
    'DEFAULT_API_URL': None,
    'USE_SESSION_AUTH': True,
    'SECURITY_DEFINITIONS': {
-        'Basic': {
+        'basic': {
            'type': 'basic'
        }
    },
    'SECURITY_REQUIREMENTS': None,
    'LOGIN_URL': getattr(settings, 'LOGIN_URL', None),
    'LOGOUT_URL': getattr(settings, 'LOGOUT_URL', None),
    'SPEC_URL': None,
    'VALIDATOR_URL': '',
    'PERSIST_AUTH': False,
    'REFETCH_SCHEMA_WITH_AUTH': False,
    'REFETCH_SCHEMA_ON_LOGOUT': False,
    'FETCH_SCHEMA_WITH_QUERY': True,
    'OPERATIONS_SORTER': None,
    'TAGS_SORTER': None,
@ -55,40 +39,20 @@ SWAGGER_DEFAULTS = {
    'SHOW_EXTENSIONS': True,
    'DEFAULT_MODEL_RENDERING': 'model',
    'DEFAULT_MODEL_DEPTH': 3,
    'SHOW_COMMON_EXTENSIONS': True,
    'OAUTH2_REDIRECT_URL': None,
    'OAUTH2_CONFIG': {},
    'SUPPORTED_SUBMIT_METHODS': [
        'get',
        'put',
        'post',
        'delete',
        'options',
        'head',
        'patch',
        'trace'
    ],
    'DISPLAY_OPERATION_ID': True,
 }
 REDOC_DEFAULTS = {
-    'SPEC_URL': None,
+    'LAZY_RENDERING': True,
    'LAZY_RENDERING': False,
    'HIDE_HOSTNAME': False,
    'EXPAND_RESPONSES': 'all',
    'PATH_IN_MIDDLE': False,
    'NATIVE_SCROLLBARS': False,
    'REQUIRED_PROPS_FIRST': False,
    'FETCH_SCHEMA_WITH_QUERY': True,
 }
 IMPORT_STRINGS = [
    'DEFAULT_GENERATOR_CLASS',
    'DEFAULT_AUTO_SCHEMA_CLASS',
    'DEFAULT_FIELD_INSPECTORS',
    'DEFAULT_FILTER_INSPECTORS',
    'DEFAULT_PAGINATOR_INSPECTORS',
    'DEFAULT_INFO',
 ]
--- a/src/drf_yasg/codecs.py
+++ b/src/drf_yasg/codecs.py
@ -1,39 +1,32 @@
 from six import binary_type, raise_from, text_type
 import copy
 import json
 import logging
 from collections import OrderedDict
 from coreapi.compat import force_bytes
 from future.utils import raise_from
 from ruamel import yaml
 from . import openapi
 from .app_settings import swagger_settings
 from .errors import SwaggerValidationError
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 def _validate_flex(spec):
    try:
        from flex.core import parse as validate_flex
        from flex.exceptions import ValidationError
    except ImportError:
        return
 def _validate_flex(spec, codec):
    from flex.core import parse as validate_flex
    from flex.exceptions import ValidationError
    try:
        validate_flex(spec)
    except ValidationError as ex:
-        raise_from(SwaggerValidationError(str(ex)), ex)
+        raise_from(SwaggerValidationError(str(ex), 'flex', spec, codec), ex)
-def _validate_swagger_spec_validator(spec):
+def _validate_swagger_spec_validator(spec, codec):
    from swagger_spec_validator.validator20 import validate_spec as validate_ssv
    from swagger_spec_validator.common import SwaggerValidationError as SSVErr
    try:
        validate_ssv(spec)
    except SSVErr as ex:
-        raise_from(SwaggerValidationError(str(ex)), ex)
+        raise_from(SwaggerValidationError(str(ex), 'swagger_spec_validator', spec, codec), ex)
 #:
@ -67,20 +60,10 @@ class _OpenAPICodec(object):
            raise TypeError('Expected a `openapi.Swagger` instance')
        spec = self.generate_swagger_object(document)
        errors = {}
        for validator in self.validators:
-            try:
+            # validate a deepcopy of the spec to prevent the validator from messing with it
-                # validate a deepcopy of the spec to prevent the validator from messing with it
+            # for example, swagger_spec_validator adds an x-scope property to all references
-                # for example, swagger_spec_validator adds an x-scope property to all references
+            VALIDATORS[validator](copy.deepcopy(spec), self)
                VALIDATORS[validator](copy.deepcopy(spec))
            except SwaggerValidationError as e:
                errors[validator] = str(e)
        if errors:
            exc = SwaggerValidationError("spec validation failed: {}".format(errors), errors, spec, self)
            logger.warning(str(exc))
            raise exc
        return force_bytes(self._dump_dict(spec))
    def encode_error(self, err):
@ -92,7 +75,7 @@ class _OpenAPICodec(object):
        :param dict spec: a python dict
        :return: string representation of ``spec``
-        :rtype: str or bytes
+        :rtype: str
        """
        raise NotImplementedError("override this method")
@ -103,28 +86,16 @@ class _OpenAPICodec(object):
        :return: swagger spec as dict
        :rtype: OrderedDict
        """
        swagger.security_definitions = swagger_settings.SECURITY_DEFINITIONS
        return swagger.as_odict()
 class OpenAPICodecJson(_OpenAPICodec):
    media_type = 'application/json'
    def __init__(self, validators, pretty=False, media_type='application/json'):
        super(OpenAPICodecJson, self).__init__(validators)
        self.pretty = pretty
        self.media_type = media_type
    def _dump_dict(self, spec):
-        """Dump ``spec`` into JSON.
+        """Dump ``spec`` into JSON."""
-
+        return json.dumps(spec)
        :rtype: str"""
        if self.pretty:
            out = json.dumps(spec, indent=4, separators=(',', ': '))
            if out[-1] != '\n':
                out += '\n'
            return out
        else:
            return json.dumps(spec)
 YAML_MAP_TAG = u'tag:yaml.org,2002:map'
@ -144,7 +115,8 @@ class SaneYamlDumper(yaml.SafeDumper):
        """
        return super(SaneYamlDumper, self).increase_indent(flow=flow, indentless=False, **kwargs)
-    def represent_odict(self, mapping, flow_style=None):  # pragma: no cover
+    @staticmethod
    def represent_odict(dump, mapping, flow_style=None):  # pragma: no cover
        """https://gist.github.com/miracle2k/3184458
        Make PyYAML output an OrderedDict.
@ -156,34 +128,27 @@ class SaneYamlDumper(yaml.SafeDumper):
        tag = YAML_MAP_TAG
        value = []
        node = yaml.MappingNode(tag, value, flow_style=flow_style)
-        if self.alias_key is not None:
+        if dump.alias_key is not None:
-            self.represented_objects[self.alias_key] = node
+            dump.represented_objects[dump.alias_key] = node
        best_style = True
        if hasattr(mapping, 'items'):
            mapping = mapping.items()
        for item_key, item_value in mapping:
-            node_key = self.represent_data(item_key)
+            node_key = dump.represent_data(item_key)
-            node_value = self.represent_data(item_value)
+            node_value = dump.represent_data(item_value)
            if not (isinstance(node_key, yaml.ScalarNode) and not node_key.style):
                best_style = False
            if not (isinstance(node_value, yaml.ScalarNode) and not node_value.style):
                best_style = False
            value.append((node_key, node_value))
        if flow_style is None:
-            if self.default_flow_style is not None:
+            if dump.default_flow_style is not None:
-                node.flow_style = self.default_flow_style
+                node.flow_style = dump.default_flow_style
            else:
                node.flow_style = best_style
        return node
    def represent_text(self, text):
        if "\n" in text:
            return self.represent_scalar('tag:yaml.org,2002:str', text, style='|')
        return self.represent_scalar('tag:yaml.org,2002:str', text)
 SaneYamlDumper.add_representer(binary_type, SaneYamlDumper.represent_text)
 SaneYamlDumper.add_representer(text_type, SaneYamlDumper.represent_text)
 SaneYamlDumper.add_representer(OrderedDict, SaneYamlDumper.represent_odict)
 SaneYamlDumper.add_multi_representer(OrderedDict, SaneYamlDumper.represent_odict)
@ -199,7 +164,7 @@ def yaml_sane_dump(data, binary):
    :param dict data: the data to be dumped
    :param bool binary: True to return a utf-8 encoded binary object, False to return a string
    :return: the serialized YAML
-    :rtype: str or bytes
+    :rtype: str,bytes
    """
    return yaml.dump(data, Dumper=SaneYamlDumper, default_flow_style=False, encoding='utf-8' if binary else None)
@ -225,12 +190,6 @@ def yaml_sane_load(stream):
 class OpenAPICodecYaml(_OpenAPICodec):
    media_type = 'application/yaml'
    def __init__(self, validators, media_type='application/yaml'):
        super(OpenAPICodecYaml, self).__init__(validators)
        self.media_type = media_type
    def _dump_dict(self, spec):
-        """Dump ``spec`` into YAML.
+        """Dump ``spec`` into YAML."""
        :rtype: bytes"""
        return yaml_sane_dump(spec, binary=True)
--- a/src/drf_yasg/errors.py
+++ b/src/drf_yasg/errors.py
@ -3,9 +3,9 @@ class SwaggerError(Exception):
 class SwaggerValidationError(SwaggerError):
-    def __init__(self, msg, errors=None, spec=None, source_codec=None, *args):
+    def __init__(self, msg, validator_name, spec, source_codec, *args):
        super(SwaggerValidationError, self).__init__(msg, *args)
-        self.errors = errors
+        self.validator_name = validator_name
        self.spec = spec
        self.source_codec = source_codec
--- a/src/drf_yasg/generators.py
+++ b/src/drf_yasg/generators.py
@ -1,135 +1,24 @@
 import copy
 import logging
 import re
-from collections import OrderedDict, defaultdict
+from collections import defaultdict, OrderedDict
 import rest_framework
 import uritemplate
-from coreapi.compat import urlparse
+from django.utils.encoding import force_text
 from packaging.version import Version
 from rest_framework import versioning
-from rest_framework.compat import URLPattern, URLResolver, get_original_route
+from rest_framework.schemas.generators import SchemaGenerator, EndpointEnumerator as _EndpointEnumerator
-from rest_framework.schemas.generators import EndpointEnumerator as _EndpointEnumerator
+from rest_framework.schemas.inspectors import get_pk_description
 from rest_framework.schemas.generators import endpoint_ordering, get_pk_name
 from rest_framework.settings import api_settings
 from . import openapi
 from .app_settings import swagger_settings
-from .errors import SwaggerGenerationError
+from .inspectors.field import get_queryset_field, get_basic_type_info
-from .inspectors.field import get_basic_type_info, get_queryset_field, get_queryset_from_view
+from .openapi import ReferenceResolver
 from .openapi import ReferenceResolver, SwaggerDict
 from .utils import force_real_str, get_consumes, get_produces
 if Version(rest_framework.__version__) < Version('3.10'):
    from rest_framework.schemas.generators import SchemaGenerator
    from rest_framework.schemas.inspectors import get_pk_description
 else:
    from rest_framework.schemas import SchemaGenerator
    from rest_framework.schemas.utils import get_pk_description
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 PATH_PARAMETER_RE = re.compile(r'{(?P<parameter>\w+)}')
 class EndpointEnumerator(_EndpointEnumerator):
    def __init__(self, patterns=None, urlconf=None, request=None):
        super(EndpointEnumerator, self).__init__(patterns, urlconf)
        self.request = request
    def get_path_from_regex(self, path_regex):
        if path_regex.endswith(')'):
            logger.warning("url pattern does not end in $ ('%s') - unexpected things might happen", path_regex)
        return self.unescape_path(super(EndpointEnumerator, self).get_path_from_regex(path_regex))
    def should_include_endpoint(self, path, callback, app_name='', namespace='', url_name=None):
        if not super(EndpointEnumerator, self).should_include_endpoint(path, callback):
            return False
        version = getattr(self.request, 'version', None)
        versioning_class = getattr(callback.cls, 'versioning_class', None)
        if versioning_class is not None and issubclass(versioning_class, versioning.NamespaceVersioning):
            if version and version not in namespace.split(':'):
                return False
        if getattr(callback.cls, 'swagger_schema', object()) is None:
            return False
        return True
    def replace_version(self, path, callback):
        """If ``request.version`` is not ``None`` and `callback` uses ``URLPathVersioning``, this function replaces
        the ``version`` parameter in `path` with the actual version.
        :param str path: the templated path
        :param callback: the view callback
        :rtype: str
        """
        versioning_class = getattr(callback.cls, 'versioning_class', None)
        if versioning_class is not None and issubclass(versioning_class, versioning.URLPathVersioning):
            version = getattr(self.request, 'version', None)
            if version:
                version_param = getattr(versioning_class, 'version_param', 'version')
                version_param = '{%s}' % version_param
                if version_param not in path:
                    logger.info("view %s uses URLPathVersioning but URL %s has no param %s"
                                % (callback.cls, path, version_param))
                path = path.replace(version_param, version)
        return path
    def get_api_endpoints(self, patterns=None, prefix='', app_name=None, namespace=None, ignored_endpoints=None):
        """
        Return a list of all available API endpoints by inspecting the URL conf.
        Copied entirely from super.
        """
        if patterns is None:
            patterns = self.patterns
        api_endpoints = []
        if ignored_endpoints is None:
            ignored_endpoints = set()
        for pattern in patterns:
            path_regex = prefix + get_original_route(pattern)
            if isinstance(pattern, URLPattern):
                try:
                    path = self.get_path_from_regex(path_regex)
                    callback = pattern.callback
                    url_name = pattern.name
                    if self.should_include_endpoint(path, callback, app_name or '', namespace or '', url_name):
                        path = self.replace_version(path, callback)
                        # avoid adding endpoints that have already been seen,
                        # as Django resolves urls in top-down order
                        if path in ignored_endpoints:
                            continue
                        ignored_endpoints.add(path)
                        for method in self.get_allowed_methods(callback):
                            endpoint = (path, method, callback)
                            api_endpoints.append(endpoint)
                except Exception:  # pragma: no cover
                    logger.warning('failed to enumerate view', exc_info=True)
            elif isinstance(pattern, URLResolver):
                nested_endpoints = self.get_api_endpoints(
                    patterns=pattern.url_patterns,
                    prefix=path_regex,
                    app_name="%s:%s" % (app_name, pattern.app_name) if app_name else pattern.app_name,
                    namespace="%s:%s" % (namespace, pattern.namespace) if namespace else pattern.namespace,
                    ignored_endpoints=ignored_endpoints
                )
                api_endpoints.extend(nested_endpoints)
            else:
                logger.warning("unknown pattern type {}".format(type(pattern)))
        api_endpoints = sorted(api_endpoints, key=endpoint_ordering)
        return api_endpoints
    def unescape(self, s):
        """Unescape all backslash escapes from `s`.
@ -140,10 +29,10 @@ class EndpointEnumerator(_EndpointEnumerator):
        return re.sub(r'\\(.)', r'\1', s)
    def unescape_path(self, path):
-        """Remove backslashe escapes from all path components outside {parameters}. This is needed because
+        """Remove backslashes from all path components outside {parameters}. This is needed because
-        ``simplify_regex`` does not handle this correctly.
+        Django>=2.0 ``path()``/``RoutePattern`` aggresively escapes all non-parameter path components.
-        **NOTE:** this might destructively affect some url regex patterns that contain metacharacters (e.g. \\w, \\d)
+        **NOTE:** this might destructively affect some url regex patterns that contain metacharacters (e.g. \w, \d)
        outside path parameter groups; if you are in this category, God help you
        :param str path: path possibly containing
@ -169,21 +58,13 @@ class OpenAPISchemaGenerator(object):
    Method implementations shamelessly stolen and adapted from rest-framework ``SchemaGenerator``.
    """
    endpoint_enumerator_class = EndpointEnumerator
    reference_resolver_class = ReferenceResolver
-    def __init__(self, info, version='', url=None, patterns=None, urlconf=None):
+    def __init__(self, info, version, url=None, patterns=None, urlconf=None):
        """
-        :param openapi.Info info: information about the API
+        :param .Info info: information about the API
-        :param str version: API version string; if omitted, `info.default_version` will be used
+        :param str version: API version string, takes preedence over the version in `info`
-        :param str url: API scheme, host and port; if ``None`` is passed and ``DEFAULT_API_URL`` is not set, the url
+        :param str url: API
            will be inferred from the request made against the schema view, so you should generally not need to set
            this parameter explicitly; if the empty string is passed, no host and scheme will be emitted
            If `url` is not ``None`` or the empty string, it must be a scheme-absolute uri (i.e. starting with http://
            or https://), and any path component is ignored;
            See also: :ref:`documentation on base URL construction <custom-spec-base-url>`
        :param patterns: if given, only these patterns will be enumerated for inclusion in the API spec
        :param urlconf: if patterns is not given, use this urlconf to enumerate patterns;
            if not given, the default urlconf is used
@ -191,91 +72,41 @@ class OpenAPISchemaGenerator(object):
        self._gen = SchemaGenerator(info.title, url, info.get('description', ''), patterns, urlconf)
        self.info = info
        self.version = version
        self.consumes = []
        self.produces = []
        if url is None and swagger_settings.DEFAULT_API_URL is not None:
            url = swagger_settings.DEFAULT_API_URL
        if url:
            parsed_url = urlparse.urlparse(url)
            if parsed_url.scheme not in ('http', 'https') or not parsed_url.netloc:
                raise SwaggerGenerationError("`url` must be an absolute HTTP(S) url")
            if parsed_url.path:
                logger.warning("path component of api base URL %s is ignored; use FORCE_SCRIPT_NAME instead" % url)
    @property
    def url(self):
        return self._gen.url
    def get_security_definitions(self):
        """Get the security schemes for this API. This determines what is usable in security requirements,
        and helps clients configure their authorization credentials.
        :return: the security schemes usable with this API
        :rtype: dict[str,dict] or None
        """
        security_definitions = swagger_settings.SECURITY_DEFINITIONS
        if security_definitions is not None:
            security_definitions = SwaggerDict._as_odict(security_definitions, {})
        return security_definitions
    def get_security_requirements(self, security_definitions):
        """Get the base (global) security requirements of the API. This is never called if
        :meth:`.get_security_definitions` returns `None`.
        :param security_definitions: security definitions as returned by :meth:`.get_security_definitions`
        :return: the security schemes accepted by default
        :rtype: list[dict[str,list[str]]] or None
        """
        security_requirements = swagger_settings.SECURITY_REQUIREMENTS
        if security_requirements is None:
            security_requirements = [{security_scheme: []} for security_scheme in security_definitions]
        security_requirements = [SwaggerDict._as_odict(sr, {}) for sr in security_requirements]
        security_requirements = sorted(security_requirements, key=list)
        return security_requirements
    def get_schema(self, request=None, public=False):
        """Generate a :class:`.Swagger` object representing the API schema.
-        :param request: the request used for filtering accessible endpoints and finding the spec URI
+        :param Request request: the request used for filtering
-        :type request: rest_framework.request.Request or None
+            accesible endpoints and finding the spec URI
        :param bool public: if True, all endpoints are included regardless of access through `request`
        :return: the generated Swagger specification
        :rtype: openapi.Swagger
        """
        endpoints = self.get_endpoints(request)
-        components = self.reference_resolver_class(openapi.SCHEMA_DEFINITIONS, force_init=True)
+        endpoints = self.replace_version(endpoints, request)
-        self.consumes = get_consumes(api_settings.DEFAULT_PARSER_CLASSES)
+        components = ReferenceResolver(openapi.SCHEMA_DEFINITIONS)
-        self.produces = get_produces(api_settings.DEFAULT_RENDERER_CLASSES)
+        paths = self.get_paths(endpoints, components, request, public)
        paths, prefix = self.get_paths(endpoints, components, request, public)
        security_definitions = self.get_security_definitions()
        if security_definitions:
            security_requirements = self.get_security_requirements(security_definitions)
        else:
            security_requirements = None
        url = self.url
-        if url is None and request is not None:
+        if not url and request is not None:
            url = request.build_absolute_uri()
        return openapi.Swagger(
-            info=self.info, paths=paths, consumes=self.consumes or None, produces=self.produces or None,
+            info=self.info, paths=paths,
-            security_definitions=security_definitions, security=security_requirements,
+            _url=url, _version=self.version, **dict(components)
            _url=url, _prefix=prefix, _version=self.version, **dict(components)
        )
    def create_view(self, callback, method, request=None):
        """Create a view instance from a view callback as registered in urlpatterns.
-        :param callback: view callback registered in urlpatterns
+        :param callable callback: view callback registered in urlpatterns
        :param str method: HTTP method
-        :param request: request to bind to the view
+        :param rest_framework.request.Request request: request to bind to the view
        :type request: rest_framework.request.Request or None
        :return: the view instance
        """
        view = self._gen.create_view(callback, method, request)
@ -286,44 +117,47 @@ class OpenAPISchemaGenerator(object):
                view_method = getattr(view, method, None)
                if view_method is not None:  # pragma: no cover
                    setattr(view_method.__func__, '_swagger_auto_schema', overrides)
        setattr(view, 'swagger_fake_view', True)
        return view
-    def coerce_path(self, path, view):
+    def replace_version(self, endpoints, request):
-        """Coerce {pk} path arguments into the name of the model field, where possible. This is cleaner for an
+        """If ``request.version`` is not ``None``, replace the version parameter in the path of any endpoints using
-        external representation (i.e. "this is an identifier", not "this is a database primary key").
+        ``URLPathVersioning`` as a versioning class.
-        :param str path: the path
+        :param dict endpoints: endpoints as returned by :meth:`.get_endpoints`
-        :param rest_framework.views.APIView view: associated view
+        :param Request request: the request made against the schema view
-        :rtype: str
+        :return: endpoints with modified paths
        """
-        if '{pk}' not in path:
+        version = getattr(request, 'version', None)
-            return path
+        if version is None:
            return endpoints
-        model = getattr(get_queryset_from_view(view), 'model', None)
+        new_endpoints = {}
-        if model:
+        for path, endpoint in endpoints.items():
-            field_name = get_pk_name(model)
+            view_cls = endpoint[0]
-        else:
+            versioning_class = getattr(view_cls, 'versioning_class', None)
-            field_name = 'id'
+            version_param = getattr(versioning_class, 'version_param', 'version')
-        return path.replace('{pk}', '{%s}' % field_name)
+            if versioning_class is not None and issubclass(versioning_class, versioning.URLPathVersioning):
                path = path.replace('{%s}' % version_param, version)
            new_endpoints[path] = endpoint
        return new_endpoints
    def get_endpoints(self, request):
        """Iterate over all the registered endpoints in the API and return a fake view with the right parameters.
-        :param request: request to bind to the endpoint views
+        :param rest_framework.request.Request request: request to bind to the endpoint views
        :type request: rest_framework.request.Request or None
        :return: {path: (view_class, list[(http_method, view_instance)])
-        :rtype: dict[str,(type,list[(str,rest_framework.views.APIView)])]
+        :rtype: dict
        """
-        enumerator = self.endpoint_enumerator_class(self._gen.patterns, self._gen.urlconf, request=request)
+        enumerator = self.endpoint_enumerator_class(self._gen.patterns, self._gen.urlconf)
        endpoints = enumerator.get_api_endpoints()
        view_paths = defaultdict(list)
        view_cls = {}
        for path, method, callback in endpoints:
            view = self.create_view(callback, method, request)
-            path = self.coerce_path(path, view)
+            path = self._gen.coerce_path(path, method, view)
            view_paths[path].append((method, view))
            view_cls[path] = callback.cls
        return {path: (view_cls[path], methods) for path, methods in view_paths.items()}
@ -341,7 +175,7 @@ class OpenAPISchemaGenerator(object):
        :param str subpath: path to the operation with any common prefix/base path removed
        :param str method: HTTP method
        :param view: the view associated with the operation
-        :rtype: list[str]
+        :rtype: tuple
        """
        return self._gen.get_keys(subpath, method, view)
@ -365,27 +199,6 @@ class OpenAPISchemaGenerator(object):
        """
        return self._gen.determine_path_prefix(paths)
    def should_include_endpoint(self, path, method, view, public):
        """Check if a given endpoint should be included in the resulting schema.
        :param str path: request path
        :param str method: http request method
        :param view: instantiated view callback
        :param bool public: if True, all endpoints are included regardless of access through `request`
        :returns: true if the view should be excluded
        :rtype: bool
        """
        return public or self._gen.has_view_permissions(path, method, view)
    def get_paths_object(self, paths):
        """Construct the Swagger Paths object.
        :param OrderedDict[str,openapi.PathItem] paths: mapping of paths to :class:`.PathItem` objects
        :returns: the :class:`.Paths` object
        :rtype: openapi.Paths
        """
        return openapi.Paths(paths=paths)
    def get_paths(self, endpoints, components, request, public):
        """Generate the Swagger Paths for the API from the given endpoints.
@ -393,35 +206,26 @@ class OpenAPISchemaGenerator(object):
        :param ReferenceResolver components: resolver/container for Swagger References
        :param Request request: the request made against the schema view; can be None
        :param bool public: if True, all endpoints are included regardless of access through `request`
-        :returns: the :class:`.Paths` object and the longest common path prefix, as a 2-tuple
+        :rtype: openapi.Paths
        :rtype: tuple[openapi.Paths,str]
        """
        if not endpoints:
-            return openapi.Paths(paths={}), ''
+            return openapi.Paths(paths={})
        prefix = self.determine_path_prefix(list(endpoints.keys())) or ''
        assert '{' not in prefix, "base path cannot be templated in swagger 2.0"
        prefix = self.determine_path_prefix(list(endpoints.keys()))
        paths = OrderedDict()
        for path, (view_cls, methods) in sorted(endpoints.items()):
            operations = {}
            for method, view in methods:
-                if not self.should_include_endpoint(path, method, view, public):
+                if not public and not self._gen.has_view_permissions(path, method, view):
                    continue
-                operation = self.get_operation(view, path, prefix, method, components, request)
+                operations[method.lower()] = self.get_operation(view, path, prefix, method, components, request)
                if operation is not None:
                    operations[method.lower()] = operation
            if operations:
-                # since the common prefix is used as the API basePath, it must be stripped
+                paths[path] = self.get_path_item(path, view_cls, operations)
                # from individual paths when writing them into the swagger document
                path_suffix = path[len(prefix):]
                if not path_suffix.startswith('/'):
                    path_suffix = '/' + path_suffix
                paths[path_suffix] = self.get_path_item(path, view_cls, operations)
-        return self.get_paths_object(paths), prefix
+        return openapi.Paths(paths=paths)
    def get_operation(self, view, path, prefix, method, components, request):
        """Get an :class:`.Operation` for the given API endpoint (path, method). This method delegates to
@ -436,6 +240,7 @@ class OpenAPISchemaGenerator(object):
        :param Request request: the request made against the schema view; can be None
        :rtype: openapi.Operation
        """
        operation_keys = self.get_operation_keys(path[len(prefix):], method, view)
        overrides = self.get_overrides(view, method)
@ -447,19 +252,8 @@ class OpenAPISchemaGenerator(object):
        #   3. on the swagger_auto_schema decorator
        view_inspector_cls = overrides.get('auto_schema', view_inspector_cls)
-        if view_inspector_cls is None:
+        view_inspector = view_inspector_cls(view, path, method, components, request, overrides)
-            return None
+        return view_inspector.get_operation(operation_keys)
        view_inspector = view_inspector_cls(view, path, method, components, request, overrides, operation_keys)
        operation = view_inspector.get_operation(operation_keys)
        if operation is None:
            return None
        if 'consumes' in operation and set(operation.consumes) == set(self.consumes):
            del operation.consumes
        if 'produces' in operation and set(operation.produces) == set(self.produces):
            del operation.produces
        return operation
    def get_path_item(self, path, view_cls, operations):
        """Get a :class:`.PathItem` object that describes the parameters and operations related to a single path in the
@ -488,7 +282,7 @@ class OpenAPISchemaGenerator(object):
        if method in overrides:
            overrides = overrides[method]
-        return copy.deepcopy(overrides)
+        return overrides
    def get_path_parameters(self, path, view_cls):
        """Return a list of Parameter instances corresponding to any templated path variables.
@ -499,24 +293,25 @@ class OpenAPISchemaGenerator(object):
        :rtype: list[openapi.Parameter]
        """
        parameters = []
-        queryset = get_queryset_from_view(view_cls)
+        queryset = getattr(view_cls, 'queryset', None)
        model = getattr(getattr(view_cls, 'queryset', None), 'model', None)
-        for variable in sorted(uritemplate.variables(path)):
+        for variable in uritemplate.variables(path):
            model, model_field = get_queryset_field(queryset, variable)
            attrs = get_basic_type_info(model_field) or {'type': openapi.TYPE_STRING}
-            if getattr(view_cls, 'lookup_field', None) == variable and attrs['type'] == openapi.TYPE_STRING:
+            if hasattr(view_cls, 'lookup_value_regex') and getattr(view_cls, 'lookup_field', None) == variable:
-                attrs['pattern'] = getattr(view_cls, 'lookup_value_regex', attrs.get('pattern', None))
+                attrs['pattern'] = view_cls.lookup_value_regex
-            if model_field and getattr(model_field, 'help_text', False):
+            if model_field and model_field.help_text:
-                description = model_field.help_text
+                description = force_text(model_field.help_text)
-            elif model_field and getattr(model_field, 'primary_key', False):
+            elif model_field and model_field.primary_key:
                description = get_pk_description(model, model_field)
            else:
                description = None
            field = openapi.Parameter(
                name=variable,
-                description=force_real_str(description),
+                description=description,
                required=True,
                in_=openapi.IN_PATH,
                **attrs
--- a/src/drf_yasg/inspectors/init.py
+++ b/src/drf_yasg/inspectors/init.py
@ -1,16 +1,19 @@
 from ..app_settings import swagger_settings
 from .base import (
-    BaseInspector, FieldInspector, FilterInspector, NotHandled, PaginatorInspector, SerializerInspector, ViewInspector
+    BaseInspector, ViewInspector, FilterInspector, PaginatorInspector,
    FieldInspector, SerializerInspector, NotHandled
 )
 from .field import (
-    CamelCaseJSONFilter, ChoiceFieldInspector, DictFieldInspector, FileFieldInspector, HiddenFieldInspector,
+    InlineSerializerInspector, ReferencingSerializerInspector, RelatedFieldInspector, SimpleFieldInspector,
-    InlineSerializerInspector, JSONFieldInspector, RecursiveFieldInspector, ReferencingSerializerInspector,
+    FileFieldInspector, ChoiceFieldInspector, DictFieldInspector, StringDefaultFieldInspector,
-    RelatedFieldInspector, SerializerMethodFieldInspector, SimpleFieldInspector, StringDefaultFieldInspector
+    CamelCaseJSONFilter
 )
 from .query import (
    CoreAPICompatInspector, DjangoRestResponsePagination
 )
 from .query import CoreAPICompatInspector, DjangoRestResponsePagination
 from .view import SwaggerAutoSchema
 from ..app_settings import swagger_settings
-# these settings must be accessed only after defining/importing all the classes in this module to avoid ImportErrors
+# these settings must be accesed only after definig/importing all the classes in this module to avoid ImportErrors
 ViewInspector.field_inspectors = swagger_settings.DEFAULT_FIELD_INSPECTORS
 ViewInspector.filter_inspectors = swagger_settings.DEFAULT_FILTER_INSPECTORS
 ViewInspector.paginator_inspectors = swagger_settings.DEFAULT_PAGINATOR_INSPECTORS
@ -23,9 +26,9 @@ __all__ = [
    'CoreAPICompatInspector', 'DjangoRestResponsePagination',
    # field inspectors
-    'InlineSerializerInspector', 'RecursiveFieldInspector', 'ReferencingSerializerInspector', 'RelatedFieldInspector',
+    'InlineSerializerInspector', 'ReferencingSerializerInspector', 'RelatedFieldInspector', 'SimpleFieldInspector',
-    'SimpleFieldInspector', 'FileFieldInspector', 'ChoiceFieldInspector', 'DictFieldInspector', 'JSONFieldInspector',
+    'FileFieldInspector', 'ChoiceFieldInspector', 'DictFieldInspector', 'StringDefaultFieldInspector',
-    'StringDefaultFieldInspector', 'CamelCaseJSONFilter', 'HiddenFieldInspector', 'SerializerMethodFieldInspector',
+    'CamelCaseJSONFilter',
    # view inspectors
    'SwaggerAutoSchema',
--- a/src/drf_yasg/inspectors/base.py
+++ b/src/drf_yasg/inspectors/base.py
@ -1,10 +1,13 @@
 import inspect
 import logging
 from django.utils.encoding import force_text
 from rest_framework import serializers
 from rest_framework.utils import json, encoders
 from rest_framework.viewsets import GenericViewSet
 from .. import openapi
-from ..utils import force_real_str, get_field_default, get_object_classes, is_list_view
+from ..utils import is_list_view
 #: Sentinel value that inspectors must return to signal that they do not know how to handle an object
 NotHandled = object()
@ -12,61 +15,14 @@ NotHandled = object()
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 def is_callable_method(cls_or_instance, method_name):
    method = getattr(cls_or_instance, method_name)
    if inspect.ismethod(method) and getattr(method, '__self__', None):
        # bound classmethod or instance method
        return method, True
    try:
        # inspect.getattr_static was added in python 3.2
        from inspect import getattr_static
        # on python 3, both unbound instance methods (i.e. getattr(cls, mth)) and static methods are plain functions
        # getattr_static allows us to check the type of the method descriptor; for `@staticmethod` this is staticmethod
        return method, isinstance(getattr_static(cls_or_instance, method_name, None), staticmethod)
    except ImportError:
        # python 2 still has unbound methods, so ismethod <=> !staticmethod TODO: remove when dropping python 2.7
        return method, not inspect.ismethod(method)
 def call_view_method(view, method_name, fallback_attr=None, default=None):
    """Call a view method which might throw an exception. If an exception is thrown, log an informative error message
    and return the value of fallback_attr, or default if not present. The method must be callable without any arguments
    except cls or self.
    :param view: view class or instance; if a class is passed, instance methods won't be called
    :type view: rest_framework.views.APIView or type[rest_framework.views.APIView]
    :param str method_name: name of a method on the view
    :param str fallback_attr: name of an attribute on the view to fall back on, if calling the method fails
    :param default: default value if all else fails
    :return: view method's return value, or value of view's fallback_attr, or default
    :rtype: any or None
    """
    if hasattr(view, method_name):
        try:
            view_method, is_callabale = is_callable_method(view, method_name)
            if is_callabale:
                return view_method()
        except Exception:  # pragma: no cover
            logger.warning("view's %s raised exception during schema generation; use "
                           "`getattr(self, 'swagger_fake_view', False)` to detect and short-circuit this",
                           type(view).__name__, exc_info=True)
    if fallback_attr and hasattr(view, fallback_attr):
        return getattr(view, fallback_attr)
    return default
 class BaseInspector(object):
    def __init__(self, view, path, method, components, request):
        """
-        :param rest_framework.views.APIView view: the view associated with this endpoint
+        :param view: the view associated with this endpoint
        :param str path: the path component of the operation URL
        :param str method: the http method of the operation
        :param openapi.ReferenceResolver components: referenceable components
-        :param rest_framework.request.Request request: the request made against the schema view; can be None
+        :param Request request: the request made against the schema view; can be None
        """
        self.view = view
        self.path = path
@ -128,22 +84,6 @@ class BaseInspector(object):
        return result
    def get_renderer_classes(self):
        """Get the renderer classes of this view by calling `get_renderers`.
        :return: renderer classes
        :rtype: list[type[rest_framework.renderers.BaseRenderer]]
        """
        return get_object_classes(call_view_method(self.view, 'get_renderers', 'renderer_classes', []))
    def get_parser_classes(self):
        """Get the parser classes of this view by calling `get_parsers`.
        :return: parser classes
        :rtype: list[type[rest_framework.parsers.BaseParser]]
        """
        return get_object_classes(call_view_method(self.view, 'get_parsers', 'parser_classes', []))
 class PaginatorInspector(BaseInspector):
    """Base inspector for paginators.
@ -197,19 +137,6 @@ class FieldInspector(BaseInspector):
        super(FieldInspector, self).__init__(view, path, method, components, request)
        self.field_inspectors = field_inspectors
    def add_manual_fields(self, serializer_or_field, schema):
        """Set fields from the ``swagger_schem_fields`` attribute on the Meta class. This method is called
        only for serializers or fields that are converted into ``openapi.Schema`` objects.
        :param serializer_or_field: serializer or field instance
        :param openapi.Schema schema: the schema object to be modified in-place
        """
        meta = getattr(serializer_or_field, 'Meta', None)
        swagger_schema_fields = getattr(meta, 'swagger_schema_fields', {})
        if swagger_schema_fields:
            for attr, val in swagger_schema_fields.items():
                setattr(schema, attr, val)
    def field_to_swagger_object(self, field, swagger_object_type, use_references, **kwargs):
        """Convert a drf Serializer or Field instance into a Swagger object.
@ -222,7 +149,7 @@ class FieldInspector(BaseInspector):
        :param kwargs: extra attributes for constructing the object;
           if swagger_object_type is Parameter, ``name`` and ``in_`` should be provided
        :return: the swagger object
-        :rtype: openapi.Parameter or openapi.Items or openapi.Schema or openapi.SchemaRef
+        :rtype: openapi.Parameter,openapi.Items,openapi.Schema,openapi.SchemaRef
        """
        return NotHandled
@ -231,7 +158,7 @@ class FieldInspector(BaseInspector):
        All arguments are the same as :meth:`.field_to_swagger_object`.
-        :rtype: openapi.Parameter or openapi.Items or openapi.Schema or openapi.SchemaRef
+        :rtype: openapi.Parameter,openapi.Items,openapi.Schema,openapi.SchemaRef
        """
        return self.probe_inspectors(
            self.field_inspectors, 'field_to_swagger_object', field, {'field_inspectors': self.field_inspectors},
@ -255,7 +182,7 @@ class FieldInspector(BaseInspector):
            - arguments specified by the ``kwargs`` parameter of :meth:`._get_partial_types`
            - ``instance_kwargs`` passed to the constructor function
-            - ``title``, ``description``, ``required``, ``x-nullable`` and ``default`` inferred from the field,
+            - ``title``, ``description``, ``required``, ``default`` and ``read_only`` inferred from the field,
              where appropriate
          If ``existing_object`` is not ``None``, it is updated instead of creating a new object.
@ -266,14 +193,13 @@ class FieldInspector(BaseInspector):
            - :class:`.Schema` if `swagger_object_type` is :class:`.Schema`
            - :class:`.Items` if `swagger_object_type` is  :class:`.Parameter` or :class:`.Items`
-        :rtype: (function,type[openapi.Schema] or type[openapi.Items])
+        :rtype: tuple[callable,(type[openapi.Schema],type[openapi.Items])]
        """
        assert swagger_object_type in (openapi.Schema, openapi.Parameter, openapi.Items)
        assert not isinstance(field, openapi.SwaggerDict), "passed field is already a SwaggerDict object"
-        title = force_real_str(field.label) if field.label else None
+        title = force_text(field.label) if field.label else None
        title = title if swagger_object_type == openapi.Schema else None  # only Schema has title
-        help_text = getattr(field, 'help_text', None)
+        description = force_text(field.help_text) if field.help_text else None
        description = force_real_str(help_text) if help_text else None
        description = description if swagger_object_type != openapi.Items else None  # Items has no description either
        def SwaggerType(existing_object=None, **instance_kwargs):
@ -281,32 +207,48 @@ class FieldInspector(BaseInspector):
                instance_kwargs['required'] = field.required
            if 'default' not in instance_kwargs and swagger_object_type != openapi.Items:
-                default = get_field_default(field)
+                default = getattr(field, 'default', serializers.empty)
-                if default not in (None, serializers.empty):
+                if default is not serializers.empty:
-                    instance_kwargs['default'] = default
+                    if callable(default):
                        try:
                            if hasattr(default, 'set_context'):
                                default.set_context(field)
                            default = default()
                        except Exception:  # pragma: no cover
                            logger.warning("default for %s is callable but it raised an exception when "
                                           "called; 'default' field will not be added to schema", field, exc_info=True)
                            default = None
-            if instance_kwargs.get('type', None) != openapi.TYPE_ARRAY:
+                    if default is not None:
-                instance_kwargs.setdefault('title', title)
+                        try:
-            if description is not None:
+                            default = field.to_representation(default)
-                instance_kwargs.setdefault('description', description)
+                            # JSON roundtrip ensures that the value is valid JSON;
-            if field.allow_null and not instance_kwargs.get('required', False) and not field.required:
+                            # for example, sets and tuples get transformed into lists
-                instance_kwargs['x_nullable'] = True
+                            default = json.loads(json.dumps(default, cls=encoders.JSONEncoder))
                        except Exception:  # pragma: no cover
                            logger.warning("'default' on schema for %s will not be set because "
                                           "to_representation raised an exception", field, exc_info=True)
                            default = None
                    if default is not None:
                        instance_kwargs['default'] = default
            if 'read_only' not in instance_kwargs and swagger_object_type == openapi.Schema:
                # TODO: read_only is only relevant for schema `properties` - should not be generated in other cases
                if field.read_only:
                    instance_kwargs['read_only'] = True
            instance_kwargs.setdefault('title', title)
            instance_kwargs.setdefault('description', description)
            instance_kwargs.update(kwargs)
            if existing_object is not None:
                assert isinstance(existing_object, swagger_object_type)
-                for key, val in sorted(instance_kwargs.items()):
+                for attr, val in sorted(instance_kwargs.items()):
-                    setattr(existing_object, key, val)
+                    setattr(existing_object, attr, val)
-                result = existing_object
+                return existing_object
            else:
                result = swagger_object_type(**instance_kwargs)
-            # Provide an option to add manual paremeters to a schema
+            return swagger_object_type(**instance_kwargs)
            # for example, to add examples
            if swagger_object_type == openapi.Schema:
                self.add_manual_fields(field, result)
            return result
        # arrays in Schema have Schema elements, arrays in Parameter and Items have Items elements
        child_swagger_type = openapi.Schema if swagger_object_type == openapi.Schema else openapi.Items
@ -325,7 +267,7 @@ class SerializerInspector(FieldInspector):
        return NotHandled
    def get_request_parameters(self, serializer, in_):
-        """Convert a DRF serializer into a list of :class:`.Parameter`\\ s.
+        """Convert a DRF serializer into a list of :class:`.Parameter`\ s.
        Should return :data:`.NotHandled` if this inspector does not know how to handle the given `serializer`.
@ -337,13 +279,7 @@ class SerializerInspector(FieldInspector):
 class ViewInspector(BaseInspector):
-    body_methods = ('PUT', 'PATCH', 'POST', 'DELETE')  #: methods that are allowed to have a request body
+    body_methods = ('PUT', 'PATCH', 'POST')  #: methods that are allowed to have a request body
    #: methods that are assumed to require a request body determined by the view's ``serializer_class``
    implicit_body_methods = ('PUT', 'PATCH', 'POST')
    #: methods which are assumed to return a list of objects when present on non-detail endpoints
    implicit_list_response_methods = ('GET',)
    # real values set in __init__ to prevent import errors
    field_inspectors = []  #:
@ -378,30 +314,23 @@ class ViewInspector(BaseInspector):
        """
        raise NotImplementedError("ViewInspector must implement get_operation()!")
-    def is_list_view(self):
+    # methods below provided as default implementations for probing inspectors
        """Determine whether this view is a list or a detail view. The difference between the two is that
        detail views depend on a pk/id path parameter. Note that a non-detail view does not necessarily imply a list
        reponse (:meth:`.has_list_response`), nor are list responses limited to non-detail views.
        For example, one might have a `/topic/<pk>/posts` endpoint which is a detail view that has a list response.
        :rtype: bool"""
        return is_list_view(self.path, self.method, self.view)
    def has_list_response(self):
        """Determine whether this view returns multiple objects. By default this is any non-detail view
        (see :meth:`.is_list_view`) whose request method is one of :attr:`.implicit_list_response_methods`.
        :rtype: bool
        """
        return self.is_list_view() and (self.method.upper() in self.implicit_list_response_methods)
    def should_filter(self):
        """Determine whether filter backend parameters should be included for this request.
        :rtype: bool
        """
-        return getattr(self.view, 'filter_backends', None) and self.has_list_response()
+        if not getattr(self.view, 'filter_backends', None):
            return False
        if self.method.lower() not in ["get", "delete"]:
            return False
        if not isinstance(self.view, GenericViewSet):
            return True
        return is_list_view(self.path, self.method, self.view)
    def get_filter_parameters(self):
        """Return the parameters added to the view by its filter backends.
@ -412,7 +341,7 @@ class ViewInspector(BaseInspector):
            return []
        fields = []
-        for filter_backend in getattr(self.view, 'filter_backends'):
+        for filter_backend in self.view.filter_backends:
            fields += self.probe_inspectors(self.filter_inspectors, 'get_filter_parameters', filter_backend()) or []
        return fields
@ -422,7 +351,16 @@ class ViewInspector(BaseInspector):
        :rtype: bool
        """
-        return getattr(self.view, 'paginator', None) and self.has_list_response()
+        if not hasattr(self.view, 'paginator'):
            return False
        if self.view.paginator is None:
            return False
        if self.method.lower() != 'get':
            return False
        return is_list_view(self.path, self.method, self.view)
    def get_pagination_parameters(self):
        """Return the parameters added to the view by its paginator.
@ -432,22 +370,21 @@ class ViewInspector(BaseInspector):
        if not self.should_page():
            return []
-        return self.probe_inspectors(self.paginator_inspectors, 'get_paginator_parameters',
+        return self.probe_inspectors(self.paginator_inspectors, 'get_paginator_parameters', self.view.paginator) or []
                                     getattr(self.view, 'paginator')) or []
    def serializer_to_schema(self, serializer):
        """Convert a serializer to an OpenAPI :class:`.Schema`.
        :param serializers.BaseSerializer serializer: the ``Serializer`` instance
        :returns: the converted :class:`.Schema`, or ``None`` in case of an unknown serializer
-        :rtype: openapi.Schema or openapi.SchemaRef
+        :rtype: openapi.Schema,openapi.SchemaRef,None
        """
        return self.probe_inspectors(
            self.field_inspectors, 'get_schema', serializer, {'field_inspectors': self.field_inspectors}
        )
    def serializer_to_parameters(self, serializer, in_):
-        """Convert a serializer to a possibly empty list of :class:`.Parameter`\\ s.
+        """Convert a serializer to a possibly empty list of :class:`.Parameter`\ s.
        :param serializers.BaseSerializer serializer: the ``Serializer`` instance
        :param str in_: the location of the parameters, one of the `openapi.IN_*` constants
@ -466,4 +403,4 @@ class ViewInspector(BaseInspector):
        :rtype: openapi.Schema
        """
        return self.probe_inspectors(self.paginator_inspectors, 'get_paginated_response',
-                                     getattr(self.view, 'paginator'), response_schema=response_schema)
+                                     self.view.paginator, response_schema=response_schema)
--- a/src/drf_yasg/inspectors/field.py
+++ b/src/drf_yasg/inspectors/field.py
@ -1,35 +1,15 @@
 import datetime
 import inspect
 import logging
 import operator
 import sys
 import uuid
 from collections import OrderedDict
 from decimal import Decimal
 from django.core import validators
 from django.db import models
 from rest_framework import serializers
 from rest_framework.settings import api_settings as rest_framework_settings
 from .base import NotHandled, SerializerInspector, FieldInspector
 from .. import openapi
 from ..errors import SwaggerGenerationError
-from ..utils import (
+from ..utils import filter_none
    decimal_as_float, field_value_to_representation, filter_none, get_serializer_class, get_serializer_ref_name
 )
 from .base import FieldInspector, NotHandled, SerializerInspector, call_view_method
 try:
    import typing
 except ImportError:
    typing = None
 try:
    from inspect import signature as inspect_signature
 except ImportError:
    inspect_signature = None
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 class InlineSerializerInspector(SerializerInspector):
@ -41,110 +21,65 @@ class InlineSerializerInspector(SerializerInspector):
    def get_schema(self, serializer):
        return self.probe_field_inspectors(serializer, openapi.Schema, self.use_definitions)
    def add_manual_parameters(self, serializer, parameters):
        """Add/replace parameters from the given list of automatically generated request parameters. This method
        is called only when the serializer is converted into a list of parameters for use in a form data request.
        :param serializer: serializer instance
        :param list[openapi.Parameter] parameters: genereated parameters
        :return: modified parameters
        :rtype: list[openapi.Parameter]
        """
        return parameters
    def get_request_parameters(self, serializer, in_):
        fields = getattr(serializer, 'fields', {})
-        parameters = [
+        return [
            self.probe_field_inspectors(
                value, openapi.Parameter, self.use_definitions,
                name=self.get_parameter_name(key), in_=in_
            )
            for key, value
            in fields.items()
            if not getattr(value, 'read_only', False)
        ]
        return self.add_manual_parameters(serializer, parameters)
    def get_property_name(self, field_name):
        return field_name
    def get_parameter_name(self, field_name):
        return field_name
    def get_serializer_ref_name(self, serializer):
        return get_serializer_ref_name(serializer)
    def _has_ref_name(self, serializer):
        serializer_meta = getattr(serializer, 'Meta', None)
        return hasattr(serializer_meta, 'ref_name')
    def field_to_swagger_object(self, field, swagger_object_type, use_references, **kwargs):
        SwaggerType, ChildSwaggerType = self._get_partial_types(field, swagger_object_type, use_references, **kwargs)
        if isinstance(field, (serializers.ListSerializer, serializers.ListField)):
            child_schema = self.probe_field_inspectors(field.child, ChildSwaggerType, use_references)
            limits = find_limits(field) or {}
            return SwaggerType(
                type=openapi.TYPE_ARRAY,
                items=child_schema,
                **limits
            )
        elif isinstance(field, serializers.Serializer):
            if swagger_object_type != openapi.Schema:
                raise SwaggerGenerationError("cannot instantiate nested serializer as " + swagger_object_type.__name__)
-            ref_name = self.get_serializer_ref_name(field)
+            serializer = field
            serializer_meta = getattr(serializer, 'Meta', None)
            if hasattr(serializer_meta, 'ref_name'):
                ref_name = serializer_meta.ref_name
            else:
                ref_name = type(serializer).__name__
                if ref_name.endswith('Serializer'):
                    ref_name = ref_name[:-len('Serializer')]
-            def make_schema_definition(serializer=field):
+            def make_schema_definition():
                properties = OrderedDict()
                required = []
-                for property_name, child in serializer.fields.items():
+                for key, value in serializer.fields.items():
-                    property_name = self.get_property_name(property_name)
+                    key = self.get_property_name(key)
-                    prop_kwargs = {
+                    properties[key] = self.probe_field_inspectors(value, ChildSwaggerType, use_references)
-                        'read_only': bool(child.read_only) or None
+                    if value.required:
-                    }
+                        required.append(key)
                    prop_kwargs = filter_none(prop_kwargs)
-                    child_schema = self.probe_field_inspectors(
+                return SwaggerType(
                        child, ChildSwaggerType, use_references, **prop_kwargs
                    )
                    properties[property_name] = child_schema
                    if child.required and not getattr(child_schema, 'read_only', False):
                        required.append(property_name)
                result = SwaggerType(
                    type=openapi.TYPE_OBJECT,
                    properties=properties,
                    required=required or None,
                )
                if not ref_name and 'title' in result:
                    # on an inline model, the title is derived from the field name
                    # but is visno coverually displayed like the model name, which is confusing
                    # it is better to just remove title from inline models
                    del result.title
                setattr(result, '_NP_serializer', get_serializer_class(serializer))
                return result
            if not ref_name or not use_references:
                return make_schema_definition()
            definitions = self.components.with_scope(openapi.SCHEMA_DEFINITIONS)
-            actual_schema = definitions.setdefault(ref_name, make_schema_definition)
+            definitions.setdefault(ref_name, make_schema_definition)
            actual_schema._remove_read_only()
            actual_serializer = getattr(actual_schema, '_NP_serializer', None)
            this_serializer = get_serializer_class(field)
            if actual_serializer and actual_serializer != this_serializer:  # pragma: no cover
                explicit_refs = self._has_ref_name(actual_serializer) and self._has_ref_name(this_serializer)
                if not explicit_refs:
                    raise SwaggerGenerationError(
                        "Schema for %s would override distinct serializer %s because they implicitly share the same "
                        "ref_name; explicitly set the ref_name atribute on both serializers' Meta classes"
                        % (actual_serializer, this_serializer))
            return openapi.SchemaRef(definitions, ref_name)
        return NotHandled
@ -183,25 +118,6 @@ def get_model_field(model, field_name):
        return None
 def get_queryset_from_view(view, serializer=None):
    """Try to get the queryset of the given view
    :param view: the view instance or class
    :param serializer: if given, will check that the view's get_serializer_class return matches this serialzier
    :return: queryset or ``None``
    """
    try:
        queryset = call_view_method(view, 'get_queryset', 'queryset')
        if queryset is not None and serializer is not None:
            # make sure the view is actually using *this* serializer
            assert type(serializer) == call_view_method(view, 'get_serializer_class', 'serializer_class')
        return queryset
    except Exception:  # pragma: no cover
        return None
 def get_parent_serializer(field):
    """Get the nearest parent ``Serializer`` instance for the given field.
@ -224,17 +140,13 @@ def get_related_model(model, source):
    :return: related model or ``None``
    """
    try:
-        descriptor = getattr(model, source)
+        return getattr(model, source).rel.related_model
        try:
            return descriptor.rel.related_model
        except Exception:
            return descriptor.field.remote_field.model
    except Exception:  # pragma: no cover
        return None
 class RelatedFieldInspector(FieldInspector):
-    """Provides conversions for ``RelatedField``\\ s."""
+    """Provides conversions for ``RelatedField``\ s."""
    def field_to_swagger_object(self, field, swagger_object_type, use_references, **kwargs):
        SwaggerType, ChildSwaggerType = self._get_partial_types(field, swagger_object_type, use_references, **kwargs)
@ -268,18 +180,10 @@ class RelatedFieldInspector(FieldInspector):
            else:
                # if the RelatedField has no queryset (e.g. read only), try to find the target model
                # from the view queryset or ModelSerializer model, if present
-                parent_serializer = get_parent_serializer(field)
+                view_queryset = getattr(self.view, 'queryset', None)
-
+                serializer_meta = getattr(get_parent_serializer(field), 'Meta', None)
-                serializer_meta = getattr(parent_serializer, 'Meta', None)
+                this_model = getattr(view_queryset, 'model', None) or getattr(serializer_meta, 'model', None)
                this_model = getattr(serializer_meta, 'model', None)
                if not this_model:
                    view_queryset = get_queryset_from_view(self.view, parent_serializer)
                    this_model = getattr(view_queryset, 'model', None)
                source = getattr(field, 'source', '') or field.field_name
                if not source and isinstance(field.parent, serializers.ManyRelatedField):
                    source = field.parent.field_name
                model = get_related_model(this_model, source)
                model_field = get_model_field(model, target_field)
@ -301,29 +205,13 @@ def find_regex(regex_field):
    regex_validator = None
    for validator in regex_field.validators:
        if isinstance(validator, validators.RegexValidator):
            if isinstance(validator, validators.URLValidator) or validator == validators.validate_ipv4_address:
                # skip the default url and IP regexes because they are complex and unhelpful
                # validate_ipv4_address is a RegexValidator instance in Django 1.11
                continue
            if regex_validator is not None:
                # bail if multiple validators are found - no obvious way to choose
                return None  # pragma: no cover
            regex_validator = validator
    # regex_validator.regex should be a compiled re object...
-    try:
+    return getattr(getattr(regex_validator, 'regex', None), 'pattern', None)
        pattern = getattr(getattr(regex_validator, 'regex', None), 'pattern', None)
    except Exception:  # pragma: no cover
        logger.warning('failed to compile regex validator of ' + str(regex_field), exc_info=True)
        return None
    if pattern:
        # attempt some basic cleanup to remove regex constructs not supported by JavaScript
        #  -- swagger uses javascript-style regexes - see https://github.com/swagger-api/swagger-editor/issues/1601
        if pattern.endswith('\\Z') or pattern.endswith('\\z'):
            pattern = pattern[:-2] + '$'
    return pattern
 numeric_fields = (serializers.IntegerField, serializers.FloatField, serializers.DecimalField)
@ -337,8 +225,8 @@ limit_validators = [
    (validators.MaxLengthValidator, serializers.CharField, 'max_length', operator.__lt__),
    # minItems and maxItems apply to lists
-    (validators.MinLengthValidator, (serializers.ListField, serializers.ListSerializer), 'min_items', operator.__gt__),
+    (validators.MinLengthValidator, serializers.ListField, 'min_items', operator.__gt__),
-    (validators.MaxLengthValidator, (serializers.ListField, serializers.ListSerializer), 'max_items', operator.__lt__),
+    (validators.MaxLengthValidator, serializers.ListField, 'max_items', operator.__lt__),
 ]
@ -356,54 +244,26 @@ def find_limits(field):
        if isinstance(field, field_class)
    ]
    if isinstance(field, serializers.DecimalField) and not decimal_as_float(field):
        return limits
    for validator in field.validators:
        if not hasattr(validator, 'limit_value'):
            continue
        limit_value = validator.limit_value
        if isinstance(limit_value, Decimal) and decimal_as_float(field):
            limit_value = float(limit_value)
        for validator_class, attr, improves in applicable_limits:
            if isinstance(validator, validator_class):
-                if attr not in limits or improves(limit_value, limits[attr]):
+                if attr not in limits or improves(validator.limit_value, limits[attr]):
-                    limits[attr] = limit_value
+                    limits[attr] = validator.limit_value
    if hasattr(field, "allow_blank") and not field.allow_blank:
        if limits.get('min_length', 0) < 1:
            limits['min_length'] = 1
    return OrderedDict(sorted(limits.items()))
 def decimal_field_type(field):
    return openapi.TYPE_NUMBER if decimal_as_float(field) else openapi.TYPE_STRING
 def recurse_one_to_one(field, visited_set=None):
    if visited_set is None:
        visited_set = set()
    if field in visited_set:
        return None #cycle?
    if isinstance(field, models.OneToOneField):
        tgt = field.target_field
        visited_set.add(field)
        return recurse_one_to_one(tgt, visited_set=visited_set)
    else:
        tmp = get_basic_type_info(field)
        return tmp['type']
 model_field_to_basic_type = [
    (models.OneToOneField, (recurse_one_to_one, None)),
    (models.AutoField, (openapi.TYPE_INTEGER, None)),
    (models.BinaryField, (openapi.TYPE_STRING, openapi.FORMAT_BINARY)),
    (models.BooleanField, (openapi.TYPE_BOOLEAN, None)),
    (models.NullBooleanField, (openapi.TYPE_BOOLEAN, None)),
    (models.DateTimeField, (openapi.TYPE_STRING, openapi.FORMAT_DATETIME)),
    (models.DateField, (openapi.TYPE_STRING, openapi.FORMAT_DATE)),
-    (models.DecimalField, (decimal_field_type, openapi.FORMAT_DECIMAL)),
+    (models.DecimalField, (openapi.TYPE_NUMBER, None)),
    (models.DurationField, (openapi.TYPE_INTEGER, None)),
    (models.FloatField, (openapi.TYPE_NUMBER, None)),
    (models.IntegerField, (openapi.TYPE_INTEGER, None)),
@ -426,11 +286,9 @@ serializer_field_to_basic_type = [
    (serializers.UUIDField, (openapi.TYPE_STRING, openapi.FORMAT_UUID)),
    (serializers.RegexField, (openapi.TYPE_STRING, None)),
    (serializers.CharField, (openapi.TYPE_STRING, None)),
-    (serializers.BooleanField, (openapi.TYPE_BOOLEAN, None)),
+    ((serializers.BooleanField, serializers.NullBooleanField), (openapi.TYPE_BOOLEAN, None)),
    (serializers.NullBooleanField, (openapi.TYPE_BOOLEAN, None)),
    (serializers.IntegerField, (openapi.TYPE_INTEGER, None)),
-    (serializers.FloatField, (openapi.TYPE_NUMBER, None)),
+    ((serializers.FloatField, serializers.DecimalField), (openapi.TYPE_NUMBER, None)),
    (serializers.DecimalField, (decimal_field_type, openapi.FORMAT_DECIMAL)),
    (serializers.DurationField, (openapi.TYPE_NUMBER, None)),  # ?
    (serializers.DateField, (openapi.TYPE_STRING, openapi.FORMAT_DATE)),
    (serializers.DateTimeField, (openapi.TYPE_STRING, openapi.FORMAT_DATETIME)),
@ -454,18 +312,13 @@ def get_basic_type_info(field):
    for field_class, type_format in basic_type_info:
        if isinstance(field, field_class):
            swagger_type, format = type_format
            if callable(swagger_type):
                swagger_type = swagger_type(field)
            if callable(format):
                format = format(field)
            break
    else:  # pragma: no cover
        return None
-    pattern = None
+    pattern = find_regex(field) if format in (None, openapi.FORMAT_SLUG) else None
    if swagger_type == openapi.TYPE_STRING:
        pattern = find_regex(field)
    limits = find_limits(field)
    result = OrderedDict([
@ -478,164 +331,6 @@ def get_basic_type_info(field):
    return result
 def decimal_return_type():
    return openapi.TYPE_STRING if rest_framework_settings.COERCE_DECIMAL_TO_STRING else openapi.TYPE_NUMBER
 def get_origin_type(hint_class):
    return getattr(hint_class, '__origin__', None) or hint_class
 def hint_class_issubclass(hint_class, check_class):
    origin_type = get_origin_type(hint_class)
    return inspect.isclass(origin_type) and issubclass(origin_type, check_class)
 hinting_type_info = [
    (bool, (openapi.TYPE_BOOLEAN, None)),
    (int, (openapi.TYPE_INTEGER, None)),
    (str, (openapi.TYPE_STRING, None)),
    (float, (openapi.TYPE_NUMBER, None)),
    (dict, (openapi.TYPE_OBJECT, None)),
    (Decimal, (decimal_return_type, openapi.FORMAT_DECIMAL)),
    (uuid.UUID, (openapi.TYPE_STRING, openapi.FORMAT_UUID)),
    (datetime.datetime, (openapi.TYPE_STRING, openapi.FORMAT_DATETIME)),
    (datetime.date, (openapi.TYPE_STRING, openapi.FORMAT_DATE)),
 ]
 if sys.version_info < (3, 0):
    # noinspection PyUnresolvedReferences
    hinting_type_info.append((unicode, (openapi.TYPE_STRING, None)))  # noqa: F821
 if typing:
    def inspect_collection_hint_class(hint_class):
        args = hint_class.__args__
        child_class = args[0] if args else str
        child_type_info = get_basic_type_info_from_hint(child_class) or {'type': openapi.TYPE_STRING}
        return OrderedDict([
            ('type', openapi.TYPE_ARRAY),
            ('items', openapi.Items(**child_type_info)),
        ])
    hinting_type_info.append(((typing.Sequence, typing.AbstractSet), inspect_collection_hint_class))
 def _get_union_types(hint_class):
    if typing:
        origin_type = get_origin_type(hint_class)
        if origin_type is typing.Union:
            return hint_class.__args__
        try:
            # python 3.5.2 and lower compatibility
            if issubclass(origin_type, typing.Union):
                return hint_class.__union_params__
        except TypeError:
            pass
    return None
 def get_basic_type_info_from_hint(hint_class):
    """Given a class (eg from a SerializerMethodField's return type hint,
    return its basic type information - ``type``, ``format``, ``pattern``,
    and any applicable min/max limit values.
    :param hint_class: the class
    :return: the extracted attributes as a dictionary, or ``None`` if the field type is not known
    :rtype: OrderedDict
    """
    union_types = _get_union_types(hint_class)
    if typing and union_types:
        # Optional is implemented as Union[T, None]
        if len(union_types) == 2 and isinstance(None, union_types[1]):
            result = get_basic_type_info_from_hint(union_types[0])
            if result:
                result['x-nullable'] = True
            return result
        return None
    for check_class, info in hinting_type_info:
        if hint_class_issubclass(hint_class, check_class):
            if callable(info):
                return info(hint_class)
            swagger_type, format = info
            if callable(swagger_type):
                swagger_type = swagger_type()
            return OrderedDict([
                ('type', swagger_type),
                ('format', format),
            ])
    return None
 class SerializerMethodFieldInspector(FieldInspector):
    """Provides conversion for SerializerMethodField, optionally using information from the swagger_serializer_method
    decorator.
    """
    def field_to_swagger_object(self, field, swagger_object_type, use_references, **kwargs):
        if not isinstance(field, serializers.SerializerMethodField):
            return NotHandled
        method = getattr(field.parent, field.method_name)
        if method is None:
            return NotHandled
        # attribute added by the swagger_serializer_method decorator
        serializer = getattr(method, "_swagger_serializer", None)
        if serializer:
            # in order of preference for description, use:
            # 1) field.help_text from SerializerMethodField(help_text)
            # 2) serializer.help_text from swagger_serializer_method(serializer)
            # 3) method's docstring
            description = field.help_text
            if description is None:
                description = getattr(serializer, 'help_text', None)
            if description is None:
                description = method.__doc__
            label = field.label
            if label is None:
                label = getattr(serializer, 'label', None)
            if inspect.isclass(serializer):
                serializer_kwargs = {
                    "help_text": description,
                    "label": label,
                    "read_only": True,
                }
                serializer = method._swagger_serializer(**serializer_kwargs)
            else:
                serializer.help_text = description
                serializer.label = label
                serializer.read_only = True
            return self.probe_field_inspectors(serializer, swagger_object_type, use_references, read_only=True)
        elif typing and inspect_signature:
            # look for Python 3.5+ style type hinting of the return value
            hint_class = inspect_signature(method).return_annotation
            if not inspect.isclass(hint_class) and hasattr(hint_class, '__args__'):
                hint_class = hint_class.__args__[0]
            if inspect.isclass(hint_class) and not issubclass(hint_class, inspect._empty):
                type_info = get_basic_type_info_from_hint(hint_class)
                if type_info is not None:
                    SwaggerType, ChildSwaggerType = self._get_partial_types(field, swagger_object_type,
                                                                            use_references, **kwargs)
                    return SwaggerType(**type_info)
        return NotHandled
 class SimpleFieldInspector(FieldInspector):
    """Provides conversions for fields which can be described using just ``type``, ``format``, ``pattern``
    and min/max validators.
@ -656,59 +351,22 @@ class ChoiceFieldInspector(FieldInspector):
    def field_to_swagger_object(self, field, swagger_object_type, use_references, **kwargs):
        SwaggerType, ChildSwaggerType = self._get_partial_types(field, swagger_object_type, use_references, **kwargs)
-        if isinstance(field, serializers.ChoiceField):
+        if isinstance(field, serializers.MultipleChoiceField):
-            enum_type = openapi.TYPE_STRING
+            return SwaggerType(
-            enum_values = []
+                type=openapi.TYPE_ARRAY,
-            for choice in field.choices.keys():
+                items=ChildSwaggerType(
-                if isinstance(field, serializers.MultipleChoiceField):
+                    type=openapi.TYPE_STRING,
-                    choice = field_value_to_representation(field, [choice])[0]
+                    enum=list(field.choices.keys())
                else:
                    choice = field_value_to_representation(field, choice)
                enum_values.append(choice)
            # for ModelSerializer, try to infer the type from the associated model field
            serializer = get_parent_serializer(field)
            if isinstance(serializer, serializers.ModelSerializer):
                model = getattr(getattr(serializer, 'Meta'), 'model')
                # Use the parent source for nested fields
                model_field = get_model_field(model, field.source or field.parent.source)
                # If the field has a base_field its type must be used
                if getattr(model_field, "base_field", None):
                    model_field = model_field.base_field
                if model_field:
                    model_type = get_basic_type_info(model_field)
                    if model_type:
                        enum_type = model_type.get('type', enum_type)
            else:
                # Try to infer field type based on enum values
                enum_value_types = {type(v) for v in enum_values}
                if len(enum_value_types) == 1:
                    values_type = get_basic_type_info_from_hint(next(iter(enum_value_types)))
                    if values_type:
                        enum_type = values_type.get('type', enum_type)
            if isinstance(field, serializers.MultipleChoiceField):
                result = SwaggerType(
                    type=openapi.TYPE_ARRAY,
                    items=ChildSwaggerType(
                        type=enum_type,
                        enum=enum_values
                    )
                )
-                if swagger_object_type == openapi.Parameter:
+            )
-                    if result['in'] in (openapi.IN_FORM, openapi.IN_QUERY):
+        elif isinstance(field, serializers.ChoiceField):
-                        result.collection_format = 'multi'
+            return SwaggerType(type=openapi.TYPE_STRING, enum=list(field.choices.keys()))
            else:
                result = SwaggerType(type=enum_type, enum=enum_values)
            return result
        return NotHandled
 class FileFieldInspector(FieldInspector):
-    """Provides conversions for ``FileField``\\ s."""
+    """Provides conversions for ``FileField``\ s."""
    def field_to_swagger_object(self, field, swagger_object_type, use_references, **kwargs):
        SwaggerType, ChildSwaggerType = self._get_partial_types(field, swagger_object_type, use_references, **kwargs)
@ -750,33 +408,11 @@ class DictFieldInspector(FieldInspector):
        return NotHandled
 class HiddenFieldInspector(FieldInspector):
    """Hide ``HiddenField``."""
    def field_to_swagger_object(self, field, swagger_object_type, use_references, **kwargs):
        if isinstance(field, serializers.HiddenField):
            return None
        return NotHandled
 class JSONFieldInspector(FieldInspector):
    """Provides conversion for ``JSONField``."""
    def field_to_swagger_object(self, field, swagger_object_type, use_references, **kwargs):
        SwaggerType, ChildSwaggerType = self._get_partial_types(field, swagger_object_type, use_references, **kwargs)
        if isinstance(field, serializers.JSONField) and swagger_object_type == openapi.Schema:
            return SwaggerType(type=openapi.TYPE_OBJECT)
        return NotHandled
 class StringDefaultFieldInspector(FieldInspector):
    """For otherwise unhandled fields, return them as plain :data:`.TYPE_STRING` objects."""
    def field_to_swagger_object(self, field, swagger_object_type, use_references, **kwargs):  # pragma: no cover
-        # TODO unhandled fields: TimeField
+        # TODO unhandled fields: TimeField HiddenField JSONField
        SwaggerType, ChildSwaggerType = self._get_partial_types(field, swagger_object_type, use_references, **kwargs)
        return SwaggerType(type=openapi.TYPE_STRING)
@ -786,84 +422,34 @@ try:
    from djangorestframework_camel_case.render import CamelCaseJSONRenderer
    from djangorestframework_camel_case.render import camelize
 except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
-    CamelCaseJSONParser = CamelCaseJSONRenderer = None
+    class CamelCaseJSONFilter(FieldInspector):
-
+        pass
-    def camelize(data):
+else:
-        return data
+    def camelize_string(s):
-
+        """Hack to force ``djangorestframework_camel_case`` to camelize a plain string."""
 class CamelCaseJSONFilter(FieldInspector):
    """Converts property names to camelCase if ``djangorestframework_camel_case`` is used."""
    def camelize_string(self, s):
        """Hack to force ``djangorestframework_camel_case`` to camelize a plain string.
        :param str s: the string
        :return: camelized string
        :rtype: str
        """
        return next(iter(camelize({s: ''})))
-    def camelize_schema(self, schema):
+    def camelize_schema(schema_or_ref, components):
-        """Recursively camelize property names for the given schema using ``djangorestframework_camel_case``.
+        """Recursively camelize property names for the given schema using ``djangorestframework_camel_case``."""
-        The target schema object must be modified in-place.
+        schema = openapi.resolve_ref(schema_or_ref, components)
        :param openapi.Schema schema: the :class:`.Schema` object
        """
        if getattr(schema, 'properties', {}):
            schema.properties = OrderedDict(
-                (self.camelize_string(key), self.camelize_schema(openapi.resolve_ref(val, self.components)) or val)
+                (camelize_string(key), camelize_schema(val, components))
                for key, val in schema.properties.items()
            )
            if getattr(schema, 'required', []):
-                schema.required = [self.camelize_string(p) for p in schema.required]
+                schema.required = [camelize_string(p) for p in schema.required]
-    def process_result(self, result, method_name, obj, **kwargs):
+        return schema_or_ref
        if isinstance(result, openapi.Schema.OR_REF) and self.is_camel_case():
            schema = openapi.resolve_ref(result, self.components)
            self.camelize_schema(schema)
-        return result
+    class CamelCaseJSONFilter(FieldInspector):
    if CamelCaseJSONParser and CamelCaseJSONRenderer:
        def is_camel_case(self):
-            return (
+            return any(issubclass(parser, CamelCaseJSONParser) for parser in self.view.parser_classes) \
-                any(issubclass(parser, CamelCaseJSONParser) for parser in self.get_parser_classes()) or
+                   or any(issubclass(renderer, CamelCaseJSONRenderer) for renderer in self.view.renderer_classes)
                any(issubclass(renderer, CamelCaseJSONRenderer) for renderer in self.get_renderer_classes())
            )
    else:
        def is_camel_case(self):
            return False
        def process_result(self, result, method_name, obj, **kwargs):
            if isinstance(result, openapi.Schema.OR_REF) and self.is_camel_case():
                return camelize_schema(result, self.components)
-try:
+            return result
    from rest_framework_recursive.fields import RecursiveField
 except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
    class RecursiveFieldInspector(FieldInspector):
        """Provides conversion for RecursiveField (https://github.com/heywbj/django-rest-framework-recursive)"""
        pass
 else:
    class RecursiveFieldInspector(FieldInspector):
        """Provides conversion for RecursiveField (https://github.com/heywbj/django-rest-framework-recursive)"""
        def field_to_swagger_object(self, field, swagger_object_type, use_references, **kwargs):
            if isinstance(field, RecursiveField) and swagger_object_type == openapi.Schema:
                assert use_references is True, "Can not create schema for RecursiveField when use_references is False"
                proxied = field.proxied
                if isinstance(field.proxied, serializers.ListSerializer):
                    proxied = proxied.child
                ref_name = get_serializer_ref_name(proxied)
                assert ref_name is not None, "Can't create RecursiveField schema for inline " + str(type(proxied))
                definitions = self.components.with_scope(openapi.SCHEMA_DEFINITIONS)
                ref = openapi.SchemaRef(definitions, ref_name, ignore_unresolved=True)
                if isinstance(field.proxied, serializers.ListSerializer):
                    ref = openapi.Items(type=openapi.TYPE_ARRAY, items=ref)
                return ref
            return NotHandled
--- a/src/drf_yasg/inspectors/query.py
+++ b/src/drf_yasg/inspectors/query.py
@ -1,15 +1,14 @@
 from collections import OrderedDict
 import coreschema
-from rest_framework.pagination import CursorPagination, LimitOffsetPagination, PageNumberPagination
+from rest_framework.pagination import CursorPagination, PageNumberPagination, LimitOffsetPagination
 from .base import PaginatorInspector, FilterInspector
 from .. import openapi
 from ..utils import force_real_str
 from .base import FilterInspector, PaginatorInspector
 class CoreAPICompatInspector(PaginatorInspector, FilterInspector):
-    """Converts ``coreapi.Field``\\ s to :class:`.openapi.Parameter`\\ s for filters and paginators that implement a
+    """Converts ``coreapi.Field``\ s to :class:`.openapi.Parameter`\ s for filters and paginators that implement a
    ``get_schema_fields`` method.
    """
@ -44,16 +43,12 @@ class CoreAPICompatInspector(PaginatorInspector, FilterInspector):
            coreschema.String: openapi.TYPE_STRING,
            coreschema.Boolean: openapi.TYPE_BOOLEAN,
        }
        coreschema_attrs = ['format', 'pattern', 'enum', 'min_length', 'max_length']
        schema = field.schema
        return openapi.Parameter(
            name=field.name,
            in_=location_to_in[field.location],
            type=coreapi_types.get(type(field.schema), openapi.TYPE_STRING),
            required=field.required,
-            description=force_real_str(schema.description) if schema else None,
+            description=field.schema.description,
            type=coreapi_types.get(type(schema), openapi.TYPE_STRING),
            **OrderedDict((attr, getattr(schema, attr, None)) for attr in coreschema_attrs)
        )
@ -71,14 +66,11 @@ class DjangoRestResponsePagination(PaginatorInspector):
                type=openapi.TYPE_OBJECT,
                properties=OrderedDict((
                    ('count', openapi.Schema(type=openapi.TYPE_INTEGER) if has_count else None),
-                    ('next', openapi.Schema(type=openapi.TYPE_STRING, format=openapi.FORMAT_URI, x_nullable=True)),
+                    ('next', openapi.Schema(type=openapi.TYPE_STRING, format=openapi.FORMAT_URI)),
-                    ('previous', openapi.Schema(type=openapi.TYPE_STRING, format=openapi.FORMAT_URI, x_nullable=True)),
+                    ('previous', openapi.Schema(type=openapi.TYPE_STRING, format=openapi.FORMAT_URI)),
                    ('results', response_schema),
                )),
-                required=['results']
+                required=['count', 'results']
            )
            if has_count:
                paged_schema.required.insert(0, 'count')
        return paged_schema
--- a/src/drf_yasg/inspectors/view.py
+++ b/src/drf_yasg/inspectors/view.py
@ -1,60 +1,43 @@
 import logging
 from collections import OrderedDict
 from rest_framework.request import is_form_media_type
 from rest_framework.schemas import AutoSchema
 from rest_framework.status import is_success
 from .base import ViewInspector
 from .. import openapi
 from ..errors import SwaggerGenerationError
-from ..utils import (
+from ..utils import force_serializer_instance, no_body, is_list_view, param_list_to_odict, guess_response_status
    filter_none, force_real_str, force_serializer_instance, get_consumes, get_produces, guess_response_status,
    merge_params, no_body, param_list_to_odict
 )
 from .base import ViewInspector, call_view_method
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 class SwaggerAutoSchema(ViewInspector):
-    def __init__(self, view, path, method, components, request, overrides, operation_keys=None):
+    def __init__(self, view, path, method, components, request, overrides):
        super(SwaggerAutoSchema, self).__init__(view, path, method, components, request, overrides)
        self._sch = AutoSchema()
        self._sch.view = view
        self.operation_keys = operation_keys
    def get_operation(self, operation_keys=None):
        operation_keys = operation_keys or self.operation_keys
    def get_operation(self, operation_keys):
        consumes = self.get_consumes()
        produces = self.get_produces()
        body = self.get_request_body_parameters(consumes)
        query = self.get_query_parameters()
        parameters = body + query
-        parameters = filter_none(parameters)
+        parameters = [param for param in parameters if param is not None]
        parameters = self.add_manual_parameters(parameters)
        operation_id = self.get_operation_id(operation_keys)
-        summary, description = self.get_summary_and_description()
+        description = self.get_description()
        security = self.get_security()
        assert security is None or isinstance(security, list), "security must be a list of security requirement objects"
        deprecated = self.is_deprecated()
        tags = self.get_tags(operation_keys)
        responses = self.get_responses()
        return openapi.Operation(
            operation_id=operation_id,
-            description=force_real_str(description),
+            description=description,
            summary=force_real_str(summary),
            responses=responses,
            parameters=parameters,
            consumes=consumes,
            produces=produces,
            tags=tags,
            security=security,
            deprecated=deprecated
        )
    def get_request_body_parameters(self, consumes):
@ -65,7 +48,7 @@ class SwaggerAutoSchema(ViewInspector):
        -  a list of primitive Parameters parsed as form data
        :param list[str] consumes: a list of accepted MIME types as returned by :meth:`.get_consumes`
-        :return: a (potentially empty) list of :class:`.Parameter`\\ s either ``in: body`` or ``in: formData``
+        :return: a (potentially empty) list of :class:`.Parameter`\ s either ``in: body`` or ``in: formData``
        :rtype: list[openapi.Parameter]
        """
        serializer = self.get_request_serializer()
@ -89,44 +72,34 @@ class SwaggerAutoSchema(ViewInspector):
        """Return the serializer as defined by the view's ``get_serializer()`` method.
        :return: the view's ``Serializer``
        :rtype: rest_framework.serializers.Serializer
        """
-        return call_view_method(self.view, 'get_serializer')
+        if not hasattr(self.view, 'get_serializer'):
-
+            return None
-    def _get_request_body_override(self):
+        return self.view.get_serializer()
        """Parse the request_body key in the override dict. This method is not public API."""
        body_override = self.overrides.get('request_body', None)
        if body_override is not None:
            if body_override is no_body:
                return no_body
            if self.method not in self.body_methods:
                raise SwaggerGenerationError("request_body can only be applied to (" + ','.join(self.body_methods) +
                                             "); are you looking for query_serializer or manual_parameters?")
            if isinstance(body_override, openapi.Schema.OR_REF):
                return body_override
            return force_serializer_instance(body_override)
        return body_override
    def get_request_serializer(self):
        """Return the request serializer (used for parsing the request payload) for this endpoint.
        :return: the request serializer, or one of :class:`.Schema`, :class:`.SchemaRef`, ``None``
        :rtype: rest_framework.serializers.Serializer
        """
-        body_override = self._get_request_body_override()
+        body_override = self.overrides.get('request_body', None)
-        if body_override is None and self.method in self.implicit_body_methods:
+        if body_override is not None:
            if body_override is no_body:
                return None
            if self.method not in self.body_methods:
                raise SwaggerGenerationError("request_body can only be applied to PUT, PATCH or POST views; "
                                             "are you looking for query_serializer or manual_parameters?")
            if isinstance(body_override, openapi.Schema.OR_REF):
                return body_override
            return force_serializer_instance(body_override)
        elif self.method in self.body_methods:
            return self.get_view_serializer()
-        if body_override is no_body:
+        return None
            return None
        return body_override
    def get_request_form_parameters(self, serializer):
-        """Given a Serializer, return a list of ``in: formData`` :class:`.Parameter`\\ s.
+        """Given a Serializer, return a list of ``in: formData`` :class:`.Parameter`\ s.
        :param serializer: the view's request serializer as returned by :meth:`.get_request_serializer`
        :rtype: list[openapi.Parameter]
@ -156,20 +129,18 @@ class SwaggerAutoSchema(ViewInspector):
        :return: modified parameters
        :rtype: list[openapi.Parameter]
        """
        parameters = param_list_to_odict(parameters)
        manual_parameters = self.overrides.get('manual_parameters', None) or []
        if any(param.in_ == openapi.IN_BODY for param in manual_parameters):  # pragma: no cover
            raise SwaggerGenerationError("specify the body parameter as a Schema or Serializer in request_body")
        if any(param.in_ == openapi.IN_FORM for param in manual_parameters):  # pragma: no cover
-            has_body_parameter = any(param.in_ == openapi.IN_BODY for param in parameters)
+            if any(param.in_ == openapi.IN_BODY for param in parameters.values()):
-            if has_body_parameter or not any(is_form_media_type(encoding) for encoding in self.get_consumes()):
+                raise SwaggerGenerationError("cannot add form parameters when the request has a request schema; "
                raise SwaggerGenerationError("cannot add form parameters when the request has a request body; "
                                             "did you forget to set an appropriate parser class on the view?")
            if self.method not in self.body_methods:
                raise SwaggerGenerationError("form parameters can only be applied to "
                                             "(" + ','.join(self.body_methods) + ") HTTP methods")
-        return merge_params(parameters, manual_parameters)
+        parameters.update(param_list_to_odict(manual_parameters))
        return list(parameters.values())
    def get_responses(self):
        """Get the possible responses for this view as a swagger :class:`.Responses` object.
@ -182,18 +153,6 @@ class SwaggerAutoSchema(ViewInspector):
            responses=self.get_response_schemas(response_serializers)
        )
    def get_default_response_serializer(self):
        """Return the default response serializer for this endpoint. This is derived from either the ``request_body``
        override or the request serializer (:meth:`.get_view_serializer`).
        :return: response serializer, :class:`.Schema`, :class:`.SchemaRef`, ``None``
        """
        body_override = self._get_request_body_override()
        if body_override and body_override is not no_body:
            return body_override
        return self.get_view_serializer()
    def get_default_responses(self):
        """Get the default responses determined for this view from the request serializer and request method.
@ -203,15 +162,19 @@ class SwaggerAutoSchema(ViewInspector):
        default_status = guess_response_status(method)
        default_schema = ''
-        if method in ('get', 'post', 'put', 'patch'):
+        if method == 'post':
-            default_schema = self.get_default_response_serializer()
+            default_schema = self.get_request_serializer() or self.get_view_serializer()
        elif method in ('get', 'put', 'patch'):
            default_schema = self.get_request_serializer() or self.get_view_serializer()
        default_schema = default_schema or ''
        if any(is_form_media_type(encoding) for encoding in self.get_consumes()):
            default_schema = ''
        if default_schema and not isinstance(default_schema, openapi.Schema):
            default_schema = self.serializer_to_schema(default_schema) or ''
        if default_schema:
-            if self.has_list_response():
+            if is_list_view(self.path, self.method, self.view) and self.method.lower() == 'get':
                default_schema = openapi.Schema(type=openapi.TYPE_ARRAY, items=default_schema)
            if self.should_page():
                default_schema = self.get_paginated_response(default_schema) or default_schema
@ -221,7 +184,7 @@ class SwaggerAutoSchema(ViewInspector):
    def get_response_serializers(self):
        """Return the response codes that this view is expected to return, and the serializer for each response body.
        The return value should be a dict where the keys are possible status codes, and values are either strings,
-        ``Serializer``\\ s, :class:`.Schema`, :class:`.SchemaRef` or :class:`.Response` objects. See
+        ``Serializer``\ s, :class:`.Schema`, :class:`.SchemaRef` or :class:`.Response` objects. See
        :func:`@swagger_auto_schema <.swagger_auto_schema>` for more details.
        :return: the response serializers
@ -248,13 +211,11 @@ class SwaggerAutoSchema(ViewInspector):
        for sc, serializer in response_serializers.items():
            if isinstance(serializer, str):
                response = openapi.Response(
-                    description=force_real_str(serializer)
+                    description=serializer
                )
            elif not serializer:
                continue
            elif isinstance(serializer, openapi.Response):
                response = serializer
-                if hasattr(response, 'schema') and not isinstance(response.schema, openapi.Schema.OR_REF):
+                if not isinstance(response.schema, openapi.Schema.OR_REF):
                    serializer = force_serializer_instance(response.schema)
                    response.schema = self.serializer_to_schema(serializer)
            elif isinstance(serializer, openapi.Schema.OR_REF):
@ -303,7 +264,7 @@ class SwaggerAutoSchema(ViewInspector):
        return natural_parameters + serializer_parameters
-    def get_operation_id(self, operation_keys=None):
+    def get_operation_id(self, operation_keys):
        """Return an unique ID for this operation. The ID must be unique across
        all :class:`.Operation` objects in the API.
@ -311,96 +272,38 @@ class SwaggerAutoSchema(ViewInspector):
            of this view in the API; e.g. ``('snippets', 'list')``, ``('snippets', 'retrieve')``, etc.
        :rtype: str
        """
        operation_keys = operation_keys or self.operation_keys
        operation_id = self.overrides.get('operation_id', '')
        if not operation_id:
            operation_id = '_'.join(operation_keys)
        return operation_id
-    def split_summary_from_description(self, description):
+    def get_description(self):
-        """Decide if and how to split a summary out of the given description. The default implementation
+        """Return an operation description determined as appropriate from the view's method and class docstrings.
        uses the first paragraph of the description as a summary if it is less than 120 characters long.
-        :param description: the full description to be analyzed
+        :return: the operation description
-        :return: summary and description
+        :rtype: str
        :rtype: (str,str)
        """
        # https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0257/#multi-line-docstrings
        summary = None
        summary_max_len = 120  # OpenAPI 2.0 spec says summary should be under 120 characters
        sections = description.split('\n\n', 1)
        if len(sections) == 2:
            sections[0] = sections[0].strip()
            if len(sections[0]) < summary_max_len:
                summary, description = sections
                description = description.strip()
        return summary, description
    def get_summary_and_description(self):
        """Return an operation summary and description determined from the view's docstring.
        :return: summary and description
        :rtype: (str,str)
        """
        description = self.overrides.get('operation_description', None)
        summary = self.overrides.get('operation_summary', None)
        if description is None:
-            description = self._sch.get_description(self.path, self.method) or ''
+            description = self._sch.get_description(self.path, self.method)
-            description = description.strip().replace('\r', '')
+        return description
-            if description and (summary is None):
+    def get_tags(self, operation_keys):
                # description from docstring... do summary magic
                summary, description = self.split_summary_from_description(description)
        return summary, description
    def get_security(self):
        """Return a list of security requirements for this operation.
        Returning an empty list marks the endpoint as unauthenticated (i.e. removes all accepted
        authentication schemes). Returning ``None`` will inherit the top-level secuirty requirements.
        :return: security requirements
        :rtype: list[dict[str,list[str]]]"""
        return self.overrides.get('security', None)
    def is_deprecated(self):
        """Return ``True`` if this operation is to be marked as deprecated.
        :return: deprecation status
        :rtype: bool
        """
        return self.overrides.get('deprecated', None)
    def get_tags(self, operation_keys=None):
        """Get a list of tags for this operation. Tags determine how operations relate with each other, and in the UI
-        each tag will show as a group containing the operations that use it. If not provided in overrides,
+        each tag will show as a group containing the operations that use it.
        tags will be inferred from the operation url.
        :param tuple[str] operation_keys: an array of keys derived from the pathdescribing the hierarchical layout
            of this view in the API; e.g. ``('snippets', 'list')``, ``('snippets', 'retrieve')``, etc.
        :rtype: list[str]
        """
-        operation_keys = operation_keys or self.operation_keys
+        return [operation_keys[0]]
        tags = self.overrides.get('tags')
        if not tags:
            tags = [operation_keys[0]]
        return tags
    def get_consumes(self):
        """Return the MIME types this endpoint can consume.
        :rtype: list[str]
        """
-        return get_consumes(self.get_parser_classes())
+        media_types = [parser.media_type for parser in getattr(self.view, 'parser_classes', [])]
-
+        if all(is_form_media_type(encoding) for encoding in media_types):
-    def get_produces(self):
+            return media_types
-        """Return the MIME types this endpoint can produce.
+        return media_types[:1]
        :rtype: list[str]
        """
        return get_produces(self.get_renderer_classes())
--- a/src/drf_yasg/management/init.py
+++ b/src/drf_yasg/management/init.py
--- a/src/drf_yasg/management/commands/init.py
+++ b/src/drf_yasg/management/commands/init.py
--- a/src/drf_yasg/management/commands/generate_swagger.py
+++ b/src/drf_yasg/management/commands/generate_swagger.py
@ -1,163 +0,0 @@
 import logging
 import os
 from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model
 from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured
 from django.core.management.base import BaseCommand
 from django.utils.module_loading import import_string
 from rest_framework.settings import api_settings
 from rest_framework.test import APIRequestFactory, force_authenticate
 from rest_framework.views import APIView
 from ... import openapi
 from ...app_settings import swagger_settings
 from ...codecs import OpenAPICodecJson, OpenAPICodecYaml
 class Command(BaseCommand):
    help = 'Write the Swagger schema to disk in JSON or YAML format.'
    def add_arguments(self, parser):
        parser.add_argument(
            'output_file', metavar='output-file',
            nargs='?',
            default='-',
            type=str,
            help='Output path for generated swagger document, or "-" for stdout.'
        )
        parser.add_argument(
            '-o', '--overwrite',
            default=False, action='store_true',
            help='Overwrite the output file if it already exists. '
                 'Default behavior is to stop if the output file exists.'
        )
        parser.add_argument(
            '-f', '--format', dest='format',
            default='', choices=['json', 'yaml'],
            type=str,
            help='Output format. If not given, it is guessed from the output file extension and defaults to json.'
        )
        parser.add_argument(
            '-u', '--url', dest='api_url',
            default='',
            type=str,
            help='Base API URL - sets the host and scheme attributes of the generated document.'
        )
        parser.add_argument(
            '-m', '--mock-request', dest='mock',
            default=False, action='store_true',
            help='Use a mock request when generating the swagger schema. This is useful if your views or serializers '
                 'depend on context from a request in order to function.'
        )
        parser.add_argument(
            '--api-version', dest='api_version',
            type=str,
            help='Version to use to generate schema. This option implies --mock-request.'
        )
        parser.add_argument(
            '--user', dest='user',
            help='Username of an existing user to use for mocked authentication. This option implies --mock-request.'
        )
        parser.add_argument(
            '-p', '--private',
            default=False, action="store_true",
            help='Hides endpoints not accesible to the target user. If --user is not given, only shows endpoints that '
                 'are accesible to unauthenticated users.\n'
                 'This has the same effect as passing public=False to get_schema_view() or '
                 'OpenAPISchemaGenerator.get_schema().\n'
                 'This option implies --mock-request.'
        )
        parser.add_argument(
            '-g', '--generator-class', dest='generator_class_name',
            default='',
            help='Import string pointing to an OpenAPISchemaGenerator subclass to use for schema generation.'
        )
    def write_schema(self, schema, stream, format):
        if format == 'json':
            codec = OpenAPICodecJson(validators=[], pretty=True)
            swagger_json = codec.encode(schema).decode('utf-8')
            stream.write(swagger_json)
        elif format == 'yaml':
            codec = OpenAPICodecYaml(validators=[])
            swagger_yaml = codec.encode(schema).decode('utf-8')
            # YAML is already pretty!
            stream.write(swagger_yaml)
        else:  # pragma: no cover
            raise ValueError("unknown format %s" % format)
    def get_mock_request(self, url, format, user=None):
        factory = APIRequestFactory()
        request = factory.get(url + '/swagger.' + format)
        if user is not None:
            force_authenticate(request, user=user)
        request = APIView().initialize_request(request)
        return request
    def get_schema_generator(self, generator_class_name, api_info, api_version, api_url):
        generator_class = swagger_settings.DEFAULT_GENERATOR_CLASS
        if generator_class_name:
            generator_class = import_string(generator_class_name)
        return generator_class(
            info=api_info,
            version=api_version,
            url=api_url,
        )
    def get_schema(self, generator, request, public):
        return generator.get_schema(request=request, public=public)
    def handle(self, output_file, overwrite, format, api_url, mock, api_version, user, private, generator_class_name,
               *args, **kwargs):
        # disable logs of WARNING and below
        logging.disable(logging.WARNING)
        info = getattr(swagger_settings, 'DEFAULT_INFO', None)
        if not isinstance(info, openapi.Info):
            raise ImproperlyConfigured(
                'settings.SWAGGER_SETTINGS["DEFAULT_INFO"] should be an '
                'import string pointing to an openapi.Info object'
            )
        if not format:
            if os.path.splitext(output_file)[1] in ('.yml', '.yaml'):
                format = 'yaml'
        format = format or 'json'
        api_url = api_url or swagger_settings.DEFAULT_API_URL
        if user:
            # Only call get_user_model if --user was passed in order to
            # avoid crashing if auth is not configured in the project
            user = get_user_model().objects.get(**{get_user_model().USERNAME_FIELD: user})
        mock = mock or private or (user is not None) or (api_version is not None)
        if mock and not api_url:
            raise ImproperlyConfigured(
                '--mock-request requires an API url; either provide '
                'the --url argument or set the DEFAULT_API_URL setting'
            )
        request = None
        if mock:
            request = self.get_mock_request(api_url, format, user)
        api_version = api_version or api_settings.DEFAULT_VERSION
        if request and api_version:
            request.version = api_version
        generator = self.get_schema_generator(generator_class_name, info, api_version, api_url)
        schema = self.get_schema(generator, request, not private)
        if output_file == '-':
            self.write_schema(schema, self.stdout, format)
        else:
            # normally this would be easily done with open(mode='x'/'w'),
            # but python 2 is a pain in the ass as usual
            # TODO: simplify when dropping support for python 2.7
            flags = os.O_CREAT | os.O_WRONLY
            flags = flags | (os.O_TRUNC if overwrite else os.O_EXCL)
            with os.fdopen(os.open(output_file, flags), "w") as stream:
                self.write_schema(schema, stream, format)
--- a/src/drf_yasg/middleware.py
+++ b/src/drf_yasg/middleware.py
@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ class SwaggerExceptionMiddleware(object):
    def process_exception(self, request, exception):
        if isinstance(exception, SwaggerValidationError):
-            err = {'errors': exception.errors, 'message': str(exception)}
+            err = {'errors': {exception.validator_name: str(exception)}}
            codec = exception.source_codec
            if isinstance(codec, _OpenAPICodec):
                err = codec.encode_error(err)
--- a/src/drf_yasg/openapi.py
+++ b/src/drf_yasg/openapi.py
@ -1,23 +1,10 @@
 import six
 import collections
 import logging
 import re
 from collections import OrderedDict
 from coreapi.compat import urlparse
 from django.urls import get_script_prefix
 from django.utils.functional import Promise
 from inflection import camelize
-from .utils import dict_has_ordered_keys, filter_none, force_real_str
+from .utils import filter_none
 try:
    from collections import abc as collections_abc
 except ImportError:
    collections_abc = collections
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 TYPE_OBJECT = "object"  #:
 TYPE_STRING = "string"  #:
@ -47,7 +34,6 @@ FORMAT_URI = "uri"  #:
 # pulled out of my ass
 FORMAT_UUID = "uuid"  #:
 FORMAT_SLUG = "slug"  #:
 FORMAT_DECIMAL = "decimal"
 IN_BODY = 'body'  #:
 IN_PATH = 'path'  #:
@ -128,7 +114,7 @@ class SwaggerDict(OrderedDict):
        which would result in the extra attributes being added first. For this reason, we defer the insertion of the
        attributes and require that subclasses call ._insert_extras__ at the end of their __init__ method.
        """
-        for attr, val in sorted(self._extras__.items()):
+        for attr, val in self._extras__.items():
            setattr(self, attr, val)
    @staticmethod
@ -137,22 +123,13 @@ class SwaggerDict(OrderedDict):
        if id(obj) in memo:
            return memo[id(obj)]
-        if isinstance(obj, Promise) and hasattr(obj, '_proxy____cast'):
+        if isinstance(obj, dict):
            # handle __proxy__ objects from django.utils.functional.lazy
            obj = obj._proxy____cast()
        if isinstance(obj, collections_abc.Mapping):
            result = OrderedDict()
            memo[id(obj)] = result
-            items = obj.items()
+            for attr, val in obj.items():
            if not dict_has_ordered_keys(obj):
                items = sorted(items)
            for attr, val in items:
                result[attr] = SwaggerDict._as_odict(val, memo)
            return result
-        elif isinstance(obj, six.string_types):
+        elif isinstance(obj, (list, tuple)):
            return force_real_str(obj)
        elif isinstance(obj, collections_abc.Iterable) and not isinstance(obj, collections_abc.Iterator):
            return type(obj)(SwaggerDict._as_odict(elem, memo) for elem in obj)
        return obj
@ -167,8 +144,7 @@ class SwaggerDict(OrderedDict):
    def __reduce__(self):
        # for pickle supprt; this skips calls to all SwaggerDict __init__ methods and relies
        # on the already set attributes instead
-        attrs = {k: v for k, v in vars(self).items() if not k.startswith('_NP_')}
+        return _bare_SwaggerDict, (type(self),), vars(self), None, iter(self.items())
        return _bare_SwaggerDict, (type(self),), attrs, None, iter(self.items())
 class Contact(SwaggerDict):
@ -234,21 +210,14 @@ class Info(SwaggerDict):
 class Swagger(SwaggerDict):
-    def __init__(self, info=None, _url=None, _prefix=None, _version=None, consumes=None, produces=None,
+    def __init__(self, info=None, _url=None, _version=None, paths=None, definitions=None, **extra):
                 security_definitions=None, security=None, paths=None, definitions=None, **extra):
        """Root Swagger object.
        :param .Info info: info object
-        :param str _url: URL used for setting the API host and scheme
+        :param str _url: URL used for guessing the API host, scheme and basepath
        :param str _prefix: api path prefix to use in setting basePath; this will be appended to the wsgi
            SCRIPT_NAME prefix or Django's FORCE_SCRIPT_NAME if applicable
        :param str _version: version string to override Info
-        :param dict[str,dict] security_definitions: list of supported authentication mechanisms
+        :param .Paths paths: paths object
-        :param list[dict[str,list[str]]] security: authentication mechanisms accepted globally
+        :param dict[str,.Schema] definitions: named models
        :param list[str] consumes: consumed MIME types; can be overriden in Operation
        :param list[str] produces: produced MIME types; can be overriden in Operation
        :param Paths paths: paths object
        :param dict[str,Schema] definitions: named models
        """
        super(Swagger, self).__init__(**extra)
        self.swagger = '2.0'
@ -257,49 +226,22 @@ class Swagger(SwaggerDict):
        if _url:
            url = urlparse.urlparse(_url)
-            assert url.netloc and url.scheme, "if given, url must have both schema and netloc"
+            if url.netloc:
-            self.host = url.netloc
+                self.host = url.netloc
-            self.schemes = [url.scheme]
+            if url.scheme:
                self.schemes = [url.scheme]
        self.base_path = '/'
        self.base_path = self.get_base_path(get_script_prefix(), _prefix)
        self.consumes = consumes
        self.produces = produces
        self.security_definitions = filter_none(security_definitions)
        self.security = filter_none(security)
        self.paths = paths
        self.definitions = filter_none(definitions)
        self._insert_extras__()
    @classmethod
    def get_base_path(cls, script_prefix, api_prefix):
        """Determine an appropriate value for ``basePath`` based on the SCRIPT_NAME and the api common prefix.
        :param str script_prefix: script prefix as defined by django ``get_script_prefix``
        :param str api_prefix: api common prefix
        :return: joined base path
        """
        # avoid double slash when joining script_name with api_prefix
        if script_prefix and script_prefix.endswith('/'):
            script_prefix = script_prefix[:-1]
        if not api_prefix.startswith('/'):
            api_prefix = '/' + api_prefix
        base_path = script_prefix + api_prefix
        # ensure that the base path has a leading slash and no trailing slash
        if base_path and base_path.endswith('/'):
            base_path = base_path[:-1]
        if not base_path.startswith('/'):
            base_path = '/' + base_path
        return base_path
 class Paths(SwaggerDict):
    def __init__(self, paths, **extra):
        """A listing of all the paths in the API.
-        :param dict[str,PathItem] paths:
+        :param dict[str,.PathItem] paths:
        """
        super(Paths, self).__init__(**extra)
        for path, path_obj in paths.items():
@ -310,20 +252,18 @@ class Paths(SwaggerDict):
 class PathItem(SwaggerDict):
    OPERATION_NAMES = ['get', 'put', 'post', 'delete', 'options', 'head', 'patch']
    def __init__(self, get=None, put=None, post=None, delete=None, options=None,
                 head=None, patch=None, parameters=None, **extra):
        """Information about a single path
-        :param Operation get: operation for GET
+        :param .Operation get: operation for GET
-        :param Operation put: operation for PUT
+        :param .Operation put: operation for PUT
-        :param Operation post: operation for POST
+        :param .Operation post: operation for POST
-        :param Operation delete: operation for DELETE
+        :param .Operation delete: operation for DELETE
-        :param Operation options: operation for OPTIONS
+        :param .Operation options: operation for OPTIONS
-        :param Operation head: operation for HEAD
+        :param .Operation head: operation for HEAD
-        :param Operation patch: operation for PATCH
+        :param .Operation patch: operation for PATCH
-        :param list[Parameter] parameters: parameters that apply to all operations
+        :param list[.Parameter] parameters: parameters that apply to all operations
        """
        super(PathItem, self).__init__(**extra)
        self.get = get
@ -336,30 +276,20 @@ class PathItem(SwaggerDict):
        self.parameters = filter_none(parameters)
        self._insert_extras__()
    @property
    def operations(self):
        """A list of all standard Operations on this PathItem object. See :attr:`.OPERATION_NAMES`.
        :return: list of (method name, Operation) tuples
        :rtype: list[tuple[str,Operation]]
        """
        return [(k, v) for k, v in self.items() if k in PathItem.OPERATION_NAMES and v]
 class Operation(SwaggerDict):
-    def __init__(self, operation_id, responses, parameters=None, consumes=None, produces=None, summary=None,
+    def __init__(self, operation_id, responses, parameters=None, consumes=None,
-                 description=None, tags=None, security=None, **extra):
+                 produces=None, summary=None, description=None, tags=None, **extra):
        """Information about an API operation (path + http method combination)
        :param str operation_id: operation ID, should be unique across all operations
-        :param Responses responses: responses returned
+        :param .Responses responses: responses returned
-        :param list[Parameter] parameters: parameters accepted
+        :param list[.Parameter] parameters: parameters accepted
        :param list[str] consumes: content types accepted
        :param list[str] produces: content types produced
        :param str summary: operation summary; should be < 120 characters
        :param str description: operation description; can be of any length and supports markdown
        :param list[str] tags: operation tags
        :param list[dict[str,list[str]]] security: list of security requirements
        """
        super(Operation, self).__init__(**extra)
        self.operation_id = operation_id
@ -370,21 +300,9 @@ class Operation(SwaggerDict):
        self.consumes = filter_none(consumes)
        self.produces = filter_none(produces)
        self.tags = filter_none(tags)
        self.security = filter_none(security)
        self._insert_extras__()
 def _check_type(type, format, enum, pattern, items, _obj_type):
    if items and type != TYPE_ARRAY:
        raise AssertionError("items can only be used when type is array")
    if type == TYPE_ARRAY and not items:
        raise AssertionError("TYPE_ARRAY requires the items attribute")
    if pattern and type != TYPE_STRING:
        raise AssertionError("pattern can only be used when type is string")
    if (format or enum or pattern) and type in (TYPE_OBJECT, TYPE_ARRAY, None):
        raise AssertionError("[format, enum, pattern] can only be applied to primitive " + _obj_type)
 class Items(SwaggerDict):
    def __init__(self, type=None, format=None, enum=None, pattern=None, items=None, **extra):
        """Used when defining an array :class:`.Parameter` to describe the array elements.
@ -401,14 +319,13 @@ class Items(SwaggerDict):
        self.format = format
        self.enum = enum
        self.pattern = pattern
-        self.items_ = items
+        self.items = items
        self._insert_extras__()
        _check_type(type, format, enum, pattern, items, self.__class__)
 class Parameter(SwaggerDict):
    def __init__(self, name, in_, description=None, required=None, schema=None,
-                 type=None, format=None, enum=None, pattern=None, items=None, default=None, **extra):
+                 type=None, format=None, enum=None, pattern=None, items=None, **extra):
        """Describe parameters accepted by an :class:`.Operation`. Each parameter should be a unique combination of
        (`name`, `in_`). ``body`` and ``form`` parameters in the same operation are mutually exclusive.
@ -416,16 +333,16 @@ class Parameter(SwaggerDict):
        :param str in_: parameter location
        :param str description: parameter description
        :param bool required: whether the parameter is required for the operation
-        :param schema: required if `in_` is ``body``
+        :param .Schema,.SchemaRef schema: required if `in_` is ``body``
        :type schema: Schema or SchemaRef
        :param str type: parameter type; required if `in_` is not ``body``; must not be ``object``
        :param str format: value format, see OpenAPI spec
        :param list enum: restrict possible values
        :param str pattern: pattern if type is ``string``
        :param .Items items: only valid if `type` is ``array``
        :param default: default value if the parameter is not provided; must conform to parameter type
        """
        super(Parameter, self).__init__(**extra)
        if (not schema and not type) or (schema and type):
            raise AssertionError("either schema or type are required for Parameter object!")
        self.name = name
        self.in_ = in_
        self.description = description
@ -435,22 +352,8 @@ class Parameter(SwaggerDict):
        self.format = format
        self.enum = enum
        self.pattern = pattern
-        self.items_ = items
+        self.items = items
        self.default = default
        self._insert_extras__()
        if (not schema and not type) or (schema and type):
            raise AssertionError("either schema or type are required for Parameter object (not both)!")
        if schema and isinstance(schema, Schema):
            schema._remove_read_only()
        if self['in'] == IN_PATH:
            # path parameters must always be required
            assert required is not False, "path parameter cannot be optional"
            self.required = True
        if self['in'] != IN_BODY and schema is not None:
            raise AssertionError("schema can only be applied to a body Parameter, not %s" % type)
        if default and not type:
            raise AssertionError("default can only be applied to a non-body Parameter")
        _check_type(type, format, enum, pattern, items, self.__class__)
 class Schema(SwaggerDict):
@ -466,24 +369,21 @@ class Schema(SwaggerDict):
        :param str format: value format, see OpenAPI spec
        :param list enum: restrict possible values
        :param str pattern: pattern if type is ``string``
-        :param properties: object properties; required if `type` is ``object``
+        :param list[.Schema,.SchemaRef] properties: object properties; required if `type` is ``object``
-        :type properties: dict[str,Schema or SchemaRef]
+        :param bool,.Schema,.SchemaRef additional_properties: allow wildcard properties not listed in `properties`
-        :param additional_properties: allow wildcard properties not listed in `properties`
+        :param list[str] required: list of requried property names
-        :type additional_properties: bool or Schema or SchemaRef
+        :param .Schema,.SchemaRef items: type of array items, only valid if `type` is ``array``
-        :param list[str] required: list of required property names
+        :param default: only valid when insider another ``Schema``\ 's ``properties``;
        :param items: type of array items, only valid if `type` is ``array``
        :type items: Schema or SchemaRef
        :param default: only valid when insider another ``Schema``\\ 's ``properties``;
            the default value of this property if it is not provided, must conform to the type of this Schema
-        :param read_only: only valid when insider another ``Schema``\\ 's ``properties``;
+        :param read_only: only valid when insider another ``Schema``\ 's ``properties``;
            declares the property as read only - it must only be sent as part of responses, never in requests
        """
        super(Schema, self).__init__(**extra)
        if required is True or required is False:
            # common error
-            raise AssertionError("the `required` attribute of schema must be an "
+            raise AssertionError(
-                                 "array of required property names, not a boolean!")
+                "the `requires` attribute of schema must be an array of required properties, not a boolean!")
-        assert type, "type is required!"
+        assert type is not None, "type is required!"
        self.title = title
        self.description = description
        self.required = filter_none(required)
@ -493,24 +393,16 @@ class Schema(SwaggerDict):
        self.format = format
        self.enum = enum
        self.pattern = pattern
-        self.items_ = items
+        self.items = items
        self.read_only = read_only
        self.default = default
        self._insert_extras__()
        if (properties or (additional_properties is not None)) and type != TYPE_OBJECT:
            raise AssertionError("only object Schema can have properties")
        _check_type(type, format, enum, pattern, items, self.__class__)
    def _remove_read_only(self):
        # readOnly is only valid for Schemas inside another Schema's properties;
        # when placing Schema elsewhere we must take care to remove the readOnly flag
        self.pop('readOnly', '')
 class _Ref(SwaggerDict):
    ref_name_re = re.compile(r"#/(?P<scope>.+)/(?P<name>[^/]+)$")
-    def __init__(self, resolver, name, scope, expected_type, ignore_unresolved=False):
+    def __init__(self, resolver, name, scope, expected_type):
        """Base class for all reference types. A reference object has only one property, ``$ref``, which must be a JSON
        reference to a valid object in the specification, e.g. ``#/definitions/Article`` to refer to an article model.
@ -518,15 +410,13 @@ class _Ref(SwaggerDict):
        :param str name: referenced object name, e.g. "Article"
        :param str scope: reference scope, e.g. "definitions"
        :param type[.SwaggerDict] expected_type: the expected type that will be asserted on the object found in resolver
        :param bool ignore_unresolved: do not throw if the referenced object does not exist
        """
        super(_Ref, self).__init__()
        assert not type(self) == _Ref, "do not instantiate _Ref directly"
        ref_name = "#/{scope}/{name}".format(scope=scope, name=name)
-        if not ignore_unresolved:
+        obj = resolver.get(name, scope)
-            obj = resolver.get(name, scope)
+        assert isinstance(obj, expected_type), ref_name + " is a {actual}, not a {expected}" \
-            assert isinstance(obj, expected_type), ref_name + " is a {actual}, not a {expected}" \
+            .format(actual=type(obj).__name__, expected=expected_type.__name__)
                .format(actual=type(obj).__name__, expected=expected_type.__name__)
        self.ref = ref_name
    def resolve(self, resolver):
@ -538,25 +428,24 @@ class _Ref(SwaggerDict):
        ref_match = self.ref_name_re.match(self.ref)
        return resolver.get(ref_match.group('name'), scope=ref_match.group('scope'))
-    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
+    def __setitem__(self, key, value, **kwargs):
        if key == "$ref":
-            return super(_Ref, self).__setitem__(key, value)
+            return super(_Ref, self).__setitem__(key, value, **kwargs)
        raise NotImplementedError("only $ref can be set on Reference objects (not %s)" % key)
-    def __delitem__(self, key):
+    def __delitem__(self, key, **kwargs):
        raise NotImplementedError("cannot delete property of Reference object")
 class SchemaRef(_Ref):
-    def __init__(self, resolver, schema_name, ignore_unresolved=False):
+    def __init__(self, resolver, schema_name):
        """Adds a reference to a named Schema defined in the ``#/definitions/`` object.
        :param .ReferenceResolver resolver: component resolver which must contain the definition
        :param str schema_name: schema name
        :param bool ignore_unresolved: do not throw if the referenced object does not exist
        """
        assert SCHEMA_DEFINITIONS in resolver.scopes
-        super(SchemaRef, self).__init__(resolver, schema_name, SCHEMA_DEFINITIONS, Schema, ignore_unresolved)
+        super(SchemaRef, self).__init__(resolver, schema_name, SCHEMA_DEFINITIONS, Schema)
 Schema.OR_REF = (Schema, SchemaRef)
@ -565,8 +454,7 @@ Schema.OR_REF = (Schema, SchemaRef)
 def resolve_ref(ref_or_obj, resolver):
    """Resolve `ref_or_obj` if it is a reference type. Return it unchaged if not.
-    :param ref_or_obj: object to derefernece
+    :param SwaggerDict,_Ref ref_or_obj:
    :type ref_or_obj: SwaggerDict or _Ref
    :param resolver: component resolver which must contain the referenced object
    """
    if isinstance(ref_or_obj, _Ref):
@ -578,9 +466,8 @@ class Responses(SwaggerDict):
    def __init__(self, responses, default=None, **extra):
        """Describes the expected responses of an :class:`.Operation`.
-        :param responses: mapping of status code to response definition
+        :param dict[(str,int),.Response] responses: mapping of status code to response definition
-        :type responses: dict[str or int,Response]
+        :param .Response default: description of the response structure to expect if another status code is returned
        :param Response default: description of the response structure to expect if another status code is returned
        """
        super(Responses, self).__init__(**extra)
        for status, response in responses.items():
@ -595,9 +482,7 @@ class Response(SwaggerDict):
        """Describes the structure of an operation's response.
        :param str description: response description
-        :param schema: sturcture of the response body
+        :param .Schema,.SchemaRef schema: sturcture of the response body
        :type schema: Schema or SchemaRef or rest_framework.serializers.Serializer
            or type[rest_framework.serializers.Serializer]
        :param dict examples: example bodies mapped by mime type
        """
        super(Response, self).__init__(**extra)
@ -605,8 +490,6 @@ class Response(SwaggerDict):
        self.schema = schema
        self.examples = examples
        self._insert_extras__()
        if schema and isinstance(schema, Schema):
            schema._remove_read_only()
 class ReferenceResolver(object):
@ -618,26 +501,16 @@ class ReferenceResolver(object):
    ::
        > components = ReferenceResolver('definitions', 'parameters')
-        > definitions = components.with_scope('definitions')
+        > definitions = ReferenceResolver.with_scope('definitions')
        > definitions.set('Article', Schema(...))
        > print(components)
        {'definitions': OrderedDict([('Article', Schema(...)]), 'parameters': OrderedDict()}
    """
-    def __init__(self, *scopes, **kwargs):
+    def __init__(self, *scopes):
        """
        :param str scopes: an enumeration of the valid scopes this resolver will contain
        """
        force_init = kwargs.pop('force_init', False)
        if not force_init:
            raise AssertionError(
                "Creating an instance of ReferenceResolver almost certainly won't do what you want it to do.\n"
                "See https://github.com/axnsan12/drf-yasg/issues/211, "
                "https://github.com/axnsan12/drf-yasg/issues/271, "
                "https://github.com/axnsan12/drf-yasg/issues/325.\n"
                "Pass `force_init=True` to override this."
            )
        self._objects = OrderedDict()
        self._force_scope = None
        for scope in scopes:
@ -652,7 +525,7 @@ class ReferenceResolver(object):
        :rtype: .ReferenceResolver
        """
        assert scope in self.scopes, "unknown scope %s" % scope
-        ret = ReferenceResolver(force_init=True)
+        ret = ReferenceResolver()
        ret._objects = self._objects
        ret._force_scope = scope
        return ret
@ -680,7 +553,7 @@ class ReferenceResolver(object):
        """Set an object in the given scope only if it does not exist.
        :param str name: reference name
-        :param function maker: object factory, called only if necessary
+        :param callable maker: object factory, called only if necessary
        :param str scope: reference scope
        """
        scope = self._check_scope(scope)
@ -688,13 +561,8 @@ class ReferenceResolver(object):
        ret = self.getdefault(name, None, scope)
        if ret is None:
            ret = maker()
            value = self.getdefault(name, None, scope)
            assert ret is not None, "maker returned None; referenced objects cannot be None/null"
-            if value is None:
+            self.set(name, ret, scope)
                self.set(name, ret, scope)
            elif value != ret:
                logger.debug("during setdefault, maker for %s inserted a value and returned a different value", name)
                ret = value
        return ret
--- a/src/drf_yasg/renderers.py
+++ b/src/drf_yasg/renderers.py
@ -1,22 +1,15 @@
-import six
+from django.shortcuts import render, resolve_url
 from rest_framework.renderers import BaseRenderer
 from rest_framework.utils import json
-from django.shortcuts import resolve_url
+from .app_settings import swagger_settings, redoc_settings
-from django.template.loader import render_to_string
+from .codecs import OpenAPICodecJson, VALIDATORS, OpenAPICodecYaml
 from django.utils.encoding import force_str
 from django.utils.functional import Promise
 from rest_framework.renderers import BaseRenderer, JSONRenderer, TemplateHTMLRenderer
 from rest_framework.utils import encoders, json
 from .app_settings import redoc_settings, swagger_settings
 from .codecs import VALIDATORS, OpenAPICodecJson, OpenAPICodecYaml
 from .openapi import Swagger
 from .utils import filter_none
 class _SpecRenderer(BaseRenderer):
    """Base class for text renderers. Handles encoding and validation."""
-    charset = 'utf-8'
+    charset = None
-    validators = []
+    validators = ['ssv', 'flex']
    codec_class = None
    @classmethod
@ -27,13 +20,6 @@ class _SpecRenderer(BaseRenderer):
    def render(self, data, media_type=None, renderer_context=None):
        assert self.codec_class, "must override codec_class"
        codec = self.codec_class(self.validators)
        if not isinstance(data, Swagger):  # pragma: no cover
            # if `swagger` is not a ``Swagger`` object, it means we somehow got a non-success ``Response``
            # in that case, it's probably better to let the default ``JSONRenderer`` render it
            # see https://github.com/axnsan12/drf-yasg/issues/58
            return JSONRenderer().render(data, media_type, renderer_context)
        return codec.encode(data)
@ -65,74 +51,32 @@ class _UIRenderer(BaseRenderer):
    template = ''
    def render(self, swagger, accepted_media_type=None, renderer_context=None):
        if not isinstance(swagger, Swagger):  # pragma: no cover
            # if `swagger` is not a ``Swagger`` object, it means we somehow got a non-success ``Response``
            # in that case, it's probably better to let the default ``TemplateHTMLRenderer`` render it
            # see https://github.com/axnsan12/drf-yasg/issues/58
            return TemplateHTMLRenderer().render(swagger, accepted_media_type, renderer_context)
        self.set_context(renderer_context, swagger)
-        return render_to_string(self.template, renderer_context, renderer_context['request'])
+        return render(
            renderer_context['request'],
            self.template,
            renderer_context
        )
-    def set_context(self, renderer_context, swagger=None):
+    def set_context(self, renderer_context, swagger):
-        renderer_context['title'] = swagger.info.title or '' if swagger else ''
+        renderer_context['title'] = swagger.info.title
-        renderer_context['version'] = swagger.info.version or '' if swagger else ''
+        renderer_context['version'] = swagger.info.version
-        renderer_context['oauth2_config'] = json.dumps(self.get_oauth2_config(), cls=encoders.JSONEncoder)
+        renderer_context['swagger_settings'] = json.dumps(self.get_swagger_ui_settings())
        renderer_context['redoc_settings'] = json.dumps(self.get_redoc_settings())
        renderer_context['USE_SESSION_AUTH'] = swagger_settings.USE_SESSION_AUTH
        renderer_context.update(self.get_auth_urls())
    def resolve_url(self, to):
        if isinstance(to, Promise):
            to = str(to)
        if to is None:
            return None
        args, kwargs = None, None
        if not isinstance(to, six.string_types):
            if len(to) > 2:
                to, args, kwargs = to
            elif len(to) == 2:
                to, kwargs = to
        args = args or ()
        kwargs = kwargs or {}
        return resolve_url(to, *args, **kwargs)
    def get_auth_urls(self):
-        urls = {
+        urls = {}
-            'LOGIN_URL': self.resolve_url(swagger_settings.LOGIN_URL),
+        if swagger_settings.LOGIN_URL is not None:
-            'LOGOUT_URL': self.resolve_url(swagger_settings.LOGOUT_URL),
+            urls['LOGIN_URL'] = resolve_url(swagger_settings.LOGIN_URL)
-        }
+        if swagger_settings.LOGOUT_URL is not None:
            urls['LOGOUT_URL'] = resolve_url(swagger_settings.LOGOUT_URL)
-        return filter_none(urls)
+        return urls
    def get_oauth2_config(self):
        data = swagger_settings.OAUTH2_CONFIG
        assert isinstance(data, dict), "OAUTH2_CONFIG must be a dict"
        return data
 class SwaggerUIRenderer(_UIRenderer):
    """Renders a swagger-ui web interface for schema browisng."""
    template = 'drf-yasg/swagger-ui.html'
    format = 'swagger'
    def set_context(self, renderer_context, swagger=None):
        super(SwaggerUIRenderer, self).set_context(renderer_context, swagger)
        swagger_ui_settings = self.get_swagger_ui_settings()
        request = renderer_context.get('request', None)
        oauth_redirect_url = force_str(swagger_ui_settings.get('oauth2RedirectUrl', ''))
        if request and oauth_redirect_url:
            swagger_ui_settings['oauth2RedirectUrl'] = request.build_absolute_uri(oauth_redirect_url)
        renderer_context['swagger_settings'] = json.dumps(swagger_ui_settings, cls=encoders.JSONEncoder)
    def get_swagger_ui_settings(self):
        data = {
            'url': self.resolve_url(swagger_settings.SPEC_URL),
            'operationsSorter': swagger_settings.OPERATIONS_SORTER,
            'tagsSorter': swagger_settings.TAGS_SORTER,
            'docExpansion': swagger_settings.DOC_EXPANSION,
@ -141,47 +85,35 @@ class SwaggerUIRenderer(_UIRenderer):
            'defaultModelRendering': swagger_settings.DEFAULT_MODEL_RENDERING,
            'defaultModelExpandDepth': swagger_settings.DEFAULT_MODEL_DEPTH,
            'defaultModelsExpandDepth': swagger_settings.DEFAULT_MODEL_DEPTH,
            'showCommonExtensions': swagger_settings.SHOW_COMMON_EXTENSIONS,
            'oauth2RedirectUrl': swagger_settings.OAUTH2_REDIRECT_URL,
            'supportedSubmitMethods': swagger_settings.SUPPORTED_SUBMIT_METHODS,
            'displayOperationId': swagger_settings.DISPLAY_OPERATION_ID,
            'persistAuth': swagger_settings.PERSIST_AUTH,
            'refetchWithAuth': swagger_settings.REFETCH_SCHEMA_WITH_AUTH,
            'refetchOnLogout': swagger_settings.REFETCH_SCHEMA_ON_LOGOUT,
            'fetchSchemaWithQuery': swagger_settings.FETCH_SCHEMA_WITH_QUERY,
        }
-
+        data = {k: v for k, v in data.items() if v is not None}
        data = filter_none(data)
        if swagger_settings.VALIDATOR_URL != '':
-            data['validatorUrl'] = self.resolve_url(swagger_settings.VALIDATOR_URL)
+            data['validatorUrl'] = swagger_settings.VALIDATOR_URL
        return data
    def get_redoc_settings(self):
        data = {
            'lazyRendering': redoc_settings.LAZY_RENDERING,
            'hideHostname': redoc_settings.HIDE_HOSTNAME,
            'expandResponses': redoc_settings.EXPAND_RESPONSES,
            'pathInMiddle': redoc_settings.PATH_IN_MIDDLE,
        }
        return data
 class SwaggerUIRenderer(_UIRenderer):
    """Renders a swagger-ui web interface for schema browisng.
    Also requires :class:`.OpenAPIRenderer` as an available renderer on the same view.
    """
    template = 'drf-yasg/swagger-ui.html'
    format = 'swagger'
 class ReDocRenderer(_UIRenderer):
-    """Renders a ReDoc web interface for schema browisng."""
+    """Renders a ReDoc web interface for schema browisng.
    Also requires :class:`.OpenAPIRenderer` as an available renderer on the same view.
    """
    template = 'drf-yasg/redoc.html'
    format = 'redoc'
    def set_context(self, renderer_context, swagger=None):
        super(ReDocRenderer, self).set_context(renderer_context, swagger)
        renderer_context['redoc_settings'] = json.dumps(self.get_redoc_settings(), cls=encoders.JSONEncoder)
    def get_redoc_settings(self):
        data = {
            'url': self.resolve_url(redoc_settings.SPEC_URL),
            'lazyRendering': redoc_settings.LAZY_RENDERING,
            'hideHostname': redoc_settings.HIDE_HOSTNAME,
            'expandResponses': redoc_settings.EXPAND_RESPONSES,
            'pathInMiddlePanel': redoc_settings.PATH_IN_MIDDLE,
            'nativeScrollbars': redoc_settings.NATIVE_SCROLLBARS,
            'requiredPropsFirst': redoc_settings.REQUIRED_PROPS_FIRST,
            'fetchSchemaWithQuery': redoc_settings.FETCH_SCHEMA_WITH_QUERY,
        }
        return filter_none(data)
 class ReDocOldRenderer(ReDocRenderer):
    """Renders a ReDoc 1.x.x web interface for schema browisng."""
    template = 'drf-yasg/redoc-old.html'
--- a/src/drf_yasg/static/drf-yasg/immutable.min.js
+++ b/src/drf_yasg/static/drf-yasg/immutable.min.js
@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
 /**
 * Copyright (c) 2014-present, Facebook, Inc.
 *
 * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
 * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
 */
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--- a/src/drf_yasg/static/drf-yasg/redoc-init.js
+++ b/src/drf_yasg/static/drf-yasg/redoc-init.js
@ -1,67 +0,0 @@
 "use strict";
 var currentPath = window.location.protocol + "//" + window.location.host + window.location.pathname;
 var specURL = currentPath + '?format=openapi';
 var redoc = document.createElement("redoc");
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 document.body.replaceChild(redoc, document.getElementById('redoc-placeholder'));
 function hideEmptyVersion() {
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--- a/src/drf_yasg/static/drf-yasg/redoc-old/redoc.min.js
+++ b/src/drf_yasg/static/drf-yasg/redoc-old/redoc.min.js
--- a/src/drf_yasg/static/drf-yasg/redoc/redoc-logo.png
+++ b/src/drf_yasg/static/drf-yasg/redoc/redoc-logo.png
--- a/src/drf_yasg/static/drf-yasg/redoc/redoc.min.js
+++ b/src/drf_yasg/static/drf-yasg/redoc/redoc.min.js
--- a/src/drf_yasg/static/drf-yasg/style.css
+++ b/src/drf_yasg/static/drf-yasg/style.css
@ -1,73 +0,0 @@
 html {
    box-sizing: border-box;
    overflow: -moz-scrollbars-vertical;
    overflow-y: scroll;
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 *,
 *:before,
 *:after {
    box-sizing: inherit;
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 body {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
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 body.swagger-body {
    background: #fafafa;
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 .hidden {
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 #django-session-auth > div {
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 #django-session-auth .btn.authorize {
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 .label {
    display: inline;
    padding: .2em .6em .3em;
    font-weight: 700;
    line-height: 1;
    color: #fff;
    text-align: center;
    white-space: nowrap;
    vertical-align: baseline;
    border-radius: .25em;
 }
 .label-primary {
    background-color: #337ab7;
 }
 .divider {
    margin-right: 8px;
    background: #16222c44;
    width: 2px;
 }
 svg.swagger-defs {
    position: absolute;
    width: 0;
    height: 0;
 }
--- a/src/drf_yasg/static/drf-yasg/swagger-ui-dist/README.md
+++ b/src/drf_yasg/static/drf-yasg/swagger-ui-dist/README.md
@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
 # Swagger UI Dist
 [![NPM version](https://badge.fury.io/js/swagger-ui-dist.svg)](http://badge.fury.io/js/swagger-ui-dist)
 # API
 This module, `swagger-ui-dist`, exposes Swagger-UI's entire dist folder as a dependency-free npm module.
 Use `swagger-ui` instead, if you'd like to have npm install dependencies for you.
 `SwaggerUIBundle` and `SwaggerUIStandalonePreset` can be imported:
 ```javascript
  import { SwaggerUIBundle, SwaggerUIStandalonePreset } from "swagger-ui-dist"
 ```
 To get an absolute path to this directory for static file serving, use the exported `getAbsoluteFSPath` method:
 ```javascript
 const swaggerUiAssetPath = require("swagger-ui-dist").getAbsoluteFSPath()
 // then instantiate server that serves files from the swaggerUiAssetPath
 ```
 For anything else, check the [Swagger-UI](https://github.com/swagger-api/swagger-ui) repository.
--- a/src/drf_yasg/static/drf-yasg/swagger-ui-dist/favicon-16x16.png
+++ b/src/drf_yasg/static/drf-yasg/swagger-ui-dist/favicon-16x16.png
--- a/src/drf_yasg/static/drf-yasg/swagger-ui-dist/favicon-32x32.png
+++ b/src/drf_yasg/static/drf-yasg/swagger-ui-dist/favicon-32x32.png
--- a/src/drf_yasg/static/drf-yasg/swagger-ui-dist/index.html
+++ b/src/drf_yasg/static/drf-yasg/swagger-ui-dist/index.html
@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
 <!-- HTML for static distribution bundle build -->
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 <html lang="en">
 <head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <title>Swagger UI</title>
  <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:400,700|Source+Code+Pro:300,600|Titillium+Web:400,600,700" rel="stylesheet">
  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./swagger-ui.css" >
  <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="./favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32" />
  <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="./favicon-16x16.png" sizes="16x16" />
  <style>
    html
    {
      box-sizing: border-box;
      overflow: -moz-scrollbars-vertical;
      overflow-y: scroll;
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    *,
    *:before,
    *:after
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      box-sizing: inherit;
    }
    body {
      margin:0;
      background: #fafafa;
    }
  </style>
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 <body>
 <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" style="position:absolute;width:0;height:0">
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 </svg>
 <div id="swagger-ui"></div>
 <script src="./swagger-ui-bundle.js"> </script>
 <script src="./swagger-ui-standalone-preset.js"> </script>
 <script>
 window.onload = function() {
  // Build a system
  const ui = SwaggerUIBundle({
    url: "http://petstore.swagger.io/v2/swagger.json",
    dom_id: '#swagger-ui',
    deepLinking: true,
    presets: [
      SwaggerUIBundle.presets.apis,
      SwaggerUIStandalonePreset
    ],
    plugins: [
      SwaggerUIBundle.plugins.DownloadUrl
    ],
    layout: "StandaloneLayout"
  })
  window.ui = ui
 }
 </script>
 </body>
 </html>
--- a/src/drf_yasg/static/drf-yasg/swagger-ui-dist/oauth2-redirect.html
+++ b/src/drf_yasg/static/drf-yasg/swagger-ui-dist/oauth2-redirect.html
@ -45,18 +45,11 @@
                oauth2.auth.code = qp.code;
                oauth2.callback({auth: oauth2.auth, redirectUrl: redirectUrl});
            } else {
                let oauthErrorMsg
                if (qp.error) {
                    oauthErrorMsg = "["+qp.error+"]: " +
                        (qp.error_description ? qp.error_description+ ". " : "no accessCode received from the server. ") +
                        (qp.error_uri ? "More info: "+qp.error_uri : "");
                }
                oauth2.errCb({
                    authId: oauth2.auth.name,
                    source: "auth",
                    level: "error",
-                    message: oauthErrorMsg || "[Authorization failed]: no accessCode received from the server"
+                    message: "Authorization failed: no accessCode received from the server"
                });
            }
        } else {
--- a/src/drf_yasg/static/drf-yasg/swagger-ui-dist/swagger-ui-bundle.js
+++ b/src/drf_yasg/static/drf-yasg/swagger-ui-dist/swagger-ui-bundle.js
--- a/src/drf_yasg/static/drf-yasg/swagger-ui-dist/swagger-ui-bundle.js.map
+++ b/src/drf_yasg/static/drf-yasg/swagger-ui-dist/swagger-ui-bundle.js.map
--- a/src/drf_yasg/static/drf-yasg/swagger-ui-dist/swagger-ui-standalone-preset.js
+++ b/src/drf_yasg/static/drf-yasg/swagger-ui-dist/swagger-ui-standalone-preset.js
--- a/src/drf_yasg/static/drf-yasg/swagger-ui-dist/swagger-ui-standalone-preset.js.map
+++ b/src/drf_yasg/static/drf-yasg/swagger-ui-dist/swagger-ui-standalone-preset.js.map
--- a/src/drf_yasg/static/drf-yasg/swagger-ui-dist/swagger-ui.css
+++ b/src/drf_yasg/static/drf-yasg/swagger-ui-dist/swagger-ui.css
--- a/src/drf_yasg/static/drf-yasg/swagger-ui-dist/swagger-ui.css.map
+++ b/src/drf_yasg/static/drf-yasg/swagger-ui-dist/swagger-ui.css.map
@ -0,0 +1 @@
 {"version":3,"sources":[],"names":[],"mappings":"","file":"swagger-ui.css","sourceRoot":""}
--- a/src/drf_yasg/static/drf-yasg/swagger-ui-dist/swagger-ui.js
+++ b/src/drf_yasg/static/drf-yasg/swagger-ui-dist/swagger-ui.js
--- a/src/drf_yasg/static/drf-yasg/swagger-ui-dist/swagger-ui.js.map
+++ b/src/drf_yasg/static/drf-yasg/swagger-ui-dist/swagger-ui.js.map
--- a/src/drf_yasg/static/drf-yasg/swagger-ui-init.js
+++ b/src/drf_yasg/static/drf-yasg/swagger-ui-init.js
@ -1,385 +0,0 @@
 "use strict";
 var currentPath = window.location.protocol + "//" + window.location.host + window.location.pathname;
 var defaultSpecUrl = currentPath + '?format=openapi';
 function slugify(text) {
    return text.toString().toLowerCase()
        .replace(/\s+/g, '-')           // Replace spaces with -
        .replace(/[^\w\-]+/g, '')       // Remove all non-word chars
        .replace(/--+/g, '-')           // Replace multiple - with single -
        .replace(/^-+/, '')             // Trim - from start of text
        .replace(/-+$/, '');            // Trim - from end of text
 }
 var KEY_AUTH = slugify(window.location.pathname) + "-drf-yasg-auth";
 // load the saved authorization state from localStorage; ImmutableJS is used for consistency with swagger-ui state
 var savedAuth = Immutable.fromJS({});
 // global SwaggerUI config object; can be changed directly or by hooking initSwaggerUiConfig
 var swaggerUiConfig = {
    url: defaultSpecUrl,
    dom_id: '#swagger-ui',
    displayRequestDuration: true,
    presets: [
        SwaggerUIBundle.presets.apis,
        SwaggerUIStandalonePreset
    ],
    plugins: [
        SwaggerUIBundle.plugins.DownloadUrl
    ],
    layout: "StandaloneLayout",
    filter: true,
    requestInterceptor: function (request) {
        var headers = request.headers || {};
        var csrftoken = document.querySelector("[name=csrfmiddlewaretoken]");
        if (csrftoken) {
            headers["X-CSRFToken"] = csrftoken.value;
        }
        return request;
    }
 };
 function patchSwaggerUi() {
    if (document.querySelector('.auth-wrapper #django-session-auth')) {
        return;
    }
    var authWrapper = document.querySelector('.auth-wrapper');
    var authorizeButton = document.querySelector('.auth-wrapper .authorize');
    var djangoSessionAuth = document.querySelector('#django-session-auth');
    if (!djangoSessionAuth) {
        console.log("WARNING: session auth disabled");
        return;
    }
    djangoSessionAuth = djangoSessionAuth.cloneNode(true);
    authWrapper.insertBefore(djangoSessionAuth, authorizeButton);
    djangoSessionAuth.classList.remove("hidden");
 }
 function initSwaggerUi() {
    if (window.ui) {
        console.log("WARNING: skipping initSwaggerUi() because window.ui is already defined");
        return;
    }
    if (document.querySelector('.auth-wrapper .authorize')) {
        patchSwaggerUi();
    } else {
        insertionQ('.auth-wrapper .authorize').every(patchSwaggerUi);
    }
    var swaggerSettings = JSON.parse(document.getElementById('swagger-settings').innerHTML);
    var oauth2RedirectUrl = document.getElementById('oauth2-redirect-url');
    if (oauth2RedirectUrl) {
        if (!('oauth2RedirectUrl' in swaggerSettings)) {
            if (oauth2RedirectUrl) {
                swaggerSettings['oauth2RedirectUrl'] = oauth2RedirectUrl.href;
            }
        }
        oauth2RedirectUrl.parentNode.removeChild(oauth2RedirectUrl);
    }
    console.log('swaggerSettings', swaggerSettings);
    var oauth2Config = JSON.parse(document.getElementById('oauth2-config').innerHTML);
    console.log('oauth2Config', oauth2Config);
    initSwaggerUiConfig(swaggerSettings, oauth2Config);
    window.ui = SwaggerUIBundle(swaggerUiConfig);
    window.ui.initOAuth(oauth2Config);
 }
 /**
 * Initialize the global swaggerUiConfig with any given additional settings.
 * @param swaggerSettings SWAGGER_SETTINGS from Django settings
 * @param oauth2Settings OAUTH2_CONFIG from Django settings
 */
 function initSwaggerUiConfig(swaggerSettings, oauth2Settings) {
    var persistAuth = swaggerSettings.persistAuth;
    var refetchWithAuth = swaggerSettings.refetchWithAuth;
    var refetchOnLogout = swaggerSettings.refetchOnLogout;
    var fetchSchemaWithQuery = swaggerSettings.fetchSchemaWithQuery;
    delete swaggerSettings['persistAuth'];
    delete swaggerSettings['refetchWithAuth'];
    delete swaggerSettings['refetchOnLogout'];
    delete swaggerSettings['fetchSchemaWithQuery'];
    for (var p in swaggerSettings) {
        if (swaggerSettings.hasOwnProperty(p)) {
            swaggerUiConfig[p] = swaggerSettings[p];
        }
    }
    var specURL = swaggerUiConfig.url;
    if (fetchSchemaWithQuery) {
        // only add query params from document for the first spec request
        // this ensures we otherwise honor the spec selector box which might be manually modified
        var query = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search || '').entries();
        for (var it = query.next(); !it.done; it = query.next()) {
            specURL = setQueryParam(specURL, it.value[0], it.value[1]);
        }
    }
    if (persistAuth) {
        try {
            savedAuth = Immutable.fromJS(JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem(KEY_AUTH)) || {});
        } catch (e) {
            localStorage.removeItem(KEY_AUTH);
        }
    }
    if (refetchWithAuth) {
        specURL = applyAuth(savedAuth, specURL) || specURL;
    }
    swaggerUiConfig.url = specURL;
    if (persistAuth || refetchWithAuth) {
        var hookedAuth = false;
        var oldOnComplete = swaggerUiConfig.onComplete;
        swaggerUiConfig.onComplete = function () {
            if (persistAuth) {
                preauthorizeAll(savedAuth, window.ui);
            }
            if (!hookedAuth) {
                hookAuthActions(window.ui, persistAuth, refetchWithAuth, refetchOnLogout);
                hookedAuth = true;
            }
            if (oldOnComplete) {
                oldOnComplete();
            }
        };
        var specRequestsInFlight = {};
        var oldRequestInterceptor = swaggerUiConfig.requestInterceptor;
        swaggerUiConfig.requestInterceptor = function (request) {
            var headers = request.headers || {};
            if (request.loadSpec) {
                var newUrl = request.url;
                if (refetchWithAuth) {
                    newUrl = applyAuth(savedAuth, newUrl, headers) || newUrl;
                }
                if (newUrl !== request.url) {
                    request.url = newUrl;
                    if (window.ui) {
                        // this visually updates the spec url before the request is done, i.e. while loading
                        window.ui.specActions.updateUrl(request.url);
                    } else {
                        // setTimeout is needed here because the request interceptor can be called *during*
                        // window.ui initialization (by the SwaggerUIBundle constructor)
                        setTimeout(function () {
                            window.ui.specActions.updateUrl(request.url);
                        });
                    }
                    // need to manually remember requests for spec urls because
                    // responseInterceptor has no reference to the request...
                    var absUrl = new URL(request.url, currentPath);
                    specRequestsInFlight[absUrl.href] = request.url;
                }
            }
            if (oldRequestInterceptor) {
                request = oldRequestInterceptor(request);
            }
            return request;
        };
        var oldResponseInterceptor = swaggerUiConfig.responseInterceptor;
        swaggerUiConfig.responseInterceptor = function (response) {
            var absUrl = new URL(response.url, currentPath);
            if (absUrl.href in specRequestsInFlight) {
                var setToUrl = specRequestsInFlight[absUrl.href];
                delete specRequestsInFlight[absUrl.href];
                if (response.ok) {
                    // need setTimeout here because swagger-ui insists to call updateUrl
                    // with the initial request url after the response...
                    setTimeout(function () {
                        var currentUrl = new URL(window.ui.specSelectors.url(), currentPath);
                        if (currentUrl.href !== absUrl.href) {
                            window.ui.specActions.updateUrl(setToUrl);
                        }
                    });
                }
            }
            if (oldResponseInterceptor) {
                response = oldResponseInterceptor(response);
            }
            return response;
        }
    }
 }
 function _usp(url, fn) {
    url = url.split('?');
    var usp = new URLSearchParams(url[1] || '');
    fn(usp);
    url[1] = usp.toString();
    return url[1] ? url.join('?') : url[0];
 }
 function setQueryParam(url, key, value) {
    return _usp(url, function (usp) {
        usp.set(key, value);
    });
 }
 function removeQueryParam(url, key) {
    return _usp(url, function (usp) {
        usp.delete(key);
    })
 }
 /**
 * Call sui.preauthorize### for all authorizations in authorization.
 * @param authorization authorization object {key => authScheme} saved from authActions.authorize
 * @param sui SwaggerUI or SwaggerUIBundle instance
 */
 function preauthorizeAll(authorization, sui) {
    authorization.valueSeq().forEach(function (authScheme) {
        var schemeName = authScheme.get("name"), schemeType = authScheme.getIn(["schema", "type"]);
        if (schemeType === "basic" && schemeName) {
            var username = authScheme.getIn(["value", "username"]);
            var password = authScheme.getIn(["value", "password"]);
            if (username && password) {
                sui.preauthorizeBasic(schemeName, username, password);
            }
        } else if (schemeType === "apiKey" && schemeName) {
            var key = authScheme.get("value");
            if (key) {
                sui.preauthorizeApiKey(schemeName, key);
            }
        } else {
            // TODO: OAuth2
        }
    });
 }
 /**
 * Manually apply auth headers from the given auth object.
 * @param {object} authorization authorization object {key => authScheme} saved from authActions.authorize
 * @param {string} requestUrl the request url
 * @param {object} requestHeaders target headers, modified in place by the function
 * @return string new request url
 */
 function applyAuth(authorization, requestUrl, requestHeaders) {
    authorization.valueSeq().forEach(function (authScheme) {
        requestHeaders = requestHeaders || {};
        var schemeName = authScheme.get("name"), schemeType = authScheme.getIn(["schema", "type"]);
        if (schemeType === "basic" && schemeName) {
            var username = authScheme.getIn(["value", "username"]);
            var password = authScheme.getIn(["value", "password"]);
            if (username && password) {
                requestHeaders["Authorization"] = "Basic " + btoa(username + ":" + password);
            }
        } else if (schemeType === "apiKey" && schemeName) {
            var _in = authScheme.getIn(["schema", "in"]), paramName = authScheme.getIn(["schema", "name"]);
            var key = authScheme.get("value");
            if (key && paramName) {
                if (_in === "header") {
                    requestHeaders[paramName] = key;
                }
                if (_in === "query") {
                    if (requestUrl) {
                        requestUrl = setQueryParam(requestUrl, paramName, key);
                    } else {
                        console.warn("WARNING: cannot apply apiKey query parameter via interceptor");
                    }
                }
            }
        } else {
            // TODO: OAuth2
        }
    });
    return requestUrl;
 }
 /**
 * Remove the given authorization scheme from the url.
 * @param {object} authorization authorization object {key => authScheme} containing schemes to deauthorize
 * @param {string} requestUrl request url
 * @return string new request url
 */
 function deauthUrl(authorization, requestUrl) {
    authorization.valueSeq().forEach(function (authScheme) {
        var schemeType = authScheme.getIn(["schema", "type"]);
        if (schemeType === "apiKey") {
            var _in = authScheme.getIn(["schema", "in"]), paramName = authScheme.getIn(["schema", "name"]);
            if (_in === "query" && requestUrl && paramName) {
                requestUrl = removeQueryParam(requestUrl, paramName);
            }
        } else {
            // TODO: OAuth2?
        }
    });
    return requestUrl;
 }
 /**
 * Hook the authorize and logout actions of SwaggerUI.
 * The hooks are used to persist authorization data and trigger schema refetch.
 * @param sui SwaggerUI or SwaggerUIBundle instance
 * @param {boolean} persistAuth true to save auth to local storage
 * @param {boolean} refetchWithAuth true to trigger schema fetch on login
 * @param {boolean} refetchOnLogout true to trigger schema fetch on logout
 */
 function hookAuthActions(sui, persistAuth, refetchWithAuth, refetchOnLogout) {
    if (!persistAuth && !refetchWithAuth) {
        // nothing to do
        return;
    }
    var originalAuthorize = sui.authActions.authorize;
    sui.authActions.authorize = function (authorization) {
        originalAuthorize(authorization);
        // authorization is map of scheme name to scheme object
        // need to use ImmutableJS because schema is already an ImmutableJS object
        var newAuths = Immutable.fromJS(authorization);
        savedAuth = savedAuth.merge(newAuths);
        if (refetchWithAuth) {
            var url = sui.specSelectors.url();
            url = applyAuth(savedAuth, url) || url;
            sui.specActions.updateUrl(url);
            sui.specActions.download();
            sui.authActions.showDefinitions(); // hide authorize dialog
        }
        if (persistAuth) {
            localStorage.setItem(KEY_AUTH, JSON.stringify(savedAuth.toJSON()));
        }
    };
    var originalLogout = sui.authActions.logout;
    sui.authActions.logout = function (authorization) {
        // stash logged out methods for use with deauthUrl
        var loggedOut = savedAuth.filter(function (val, key) {
            return authorization.indexOf(key) !== -1;
        }).mapEntries(function (entry) {
            return [entry[0], entry[1].set("value", null)]
        });
        // remove logged out methods from savedAuth
        savedAuth = savedAuth.filter(function (val, key) {
            return authorization.indexOf(key) === -1;
        });
        if (refetchWithAuth) {
            var url = sui.specSelectors.url();
            url = deauthUrl(loggedOut, url) || url;
            sui.specActions.updateUrl(url);
            sui.specActions.download(url);
            sui.authActions.showDefinitions(); // hide authorize dialog
        }
        if (persistAuth) {
            localStorage.setItem(KEY_AUTH, JSON.stringify(savedAuth.toJSON()));
        }
        originalLogout(authorization);
    };
 }
 window.addEventListener('load', initSwaggerUi);
--- a/src/drf_yasg/static/drf-yasg/url-polyfill.min.js
+++ b/src/drf_yasg/static/drf-yasg/url-polyfill.min.js
--- a/src/drf_yasg/templates/drf-yasg/redoc-old.html
+++ b/src/drf_yasg/templates/drf-yasg/redoc-old.html
@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
 {% load static %}
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 <html>
 <head>
    <title>{{ title }}</title>
    <meta charset="utf-8"/>
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="{% static 'drf-yasg/style.css' %}"/>
 </head>
 <body>
    <script id="redoc-settings" type="application/json">{{ redoc_settings | safe }}</script>
    <script src="{% static 'drf-yasg/insQ.min.js' %}"></script>
    <script src="{% static 'drf-yasg/redoc-init.js' %}"> </script>
    <script src="{% static 'drf-yasg/redoc-old/redoc.min.js' %}"></script>
 </body>
 </html>
--- a/src/drf_yasg/templates/drf-yasg/redoc.html
+++ b/src/drf_yasg/templates/drf-yasg/redoc.html
@ -2,48 +2,42 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 <html>
 <head>
    <title>{{ title }}</title>
    <meta charset="utf-8"/>
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
-    <title>{% block title %}{{ title }}{% endblock %}</title>
+    <style>
-
+        body {
-    {% block extra_head %}
+            margin: 0;
-        {# -- Add any extra HTML heads tags here - except scripts and styles -- #}
+            padding: 0;
-    {% endblock %}
+        }
-
+        {% if not request.version %}
-    {% block favicon %}
+        span.api-info-version {
-        {# -- Maybe replace the favicon -- #}
+            display: none;
-        <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="{% static 'drf-yasg/redoc/redoc-logo.png' %}"/>
+        }
-    {% endblock %}
+        {% endif %}
-
+    </style>
    {% block main_styles %}
        <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="{% static 'drf-yasg/style.css' %}"/>
    {% endblock %}
    {% block extra_styles %}
        {# -- Add any additional CSS scripts here -- #}
    {% endblock %}
 </head>
 <body>
    <script>
        var currentPath = window.location.protocol + "//" + window.location.host + window.location.pathname;
        var specURL = currentPath + '?format=openapi';
        var redoc = document.createElement("redoc");
        redoc.setAttribute("spec-url", specURL);
-{% block extra_body %}
+        var redocSettings = {};
-    {# -- Add any header/body markup here (rendered BEFORE the swagger-ui/redoc element) -- #}
+        redocSettings = {{ redoc_settings | safe }};
-{% endblock %}
+        if (redocSettings.lazyRendering) {
-
+            redoc.setAttribute("lazy-rendering", '');
-<div id="redoc-placeholder"></div>
+        }
-
+        if (redocSettings.pathInMiddle) {
-{% block footer %}
+            redoc.setAttribute("path-in-middle-panel", '');
-    {# -- Add any footer markup here (rendered AFTER the swagger-ui/redoc element) -- #}
+        }
-{% endblock %}
+        if (redocSettings.hideHostname) {
-
+            redoc.setAttribute("hide-hostname", '');
-<script id="redoc-settings" type="application/json">{{ redoc_settings | safe }}</script>
+        }
-
+        redoc.setAttribute("expand-responses", redocSettings.expandResponses);
-{% block main_scripts %}
+        document.body.appendChild(redoc);
-    <script src="{% static 'drf-yasg/insQ.min.js' %}"></script>
+    </script>
-    <script src="{% static 'drf-yasg/url-polyfill.min.js' %}"></script>
+    <script src="{% static 'drf-yasg/redoc/redoc.min.js' %}"> </script>
    <script src="{% static 'drf-yasg/redoc-init.js' %}"></script>
    <script src="{% static 'drf-yasg/redoc/redoc.min.js' %}"></script>
 {% endblock %}
 {% block extra_scripts %}
    {# -- Add any additional scripts here -- #}
 {% endblock %}
 </body>
 </html>
--- a/src/drf_yasg/templates/drf-yasg/swagger-ui.html
+++ b/src/drf_yasg/templates/drf-yasg/swagger-ui.html
@ -1,91 +1,225 @@
 <!-- HTML for static distribution bundle build -->
 {% load static %}
 <!DOCTYPE html>
-<html>
+<html lang="en">
 <head>
-    <meta charset="utf-8"/>
+    <meta charset="UTF-8">
-    <title>{% block title %}{{ title }}{% endblock %}</title>
+    <title>{{ title }}</title>
    <link
            href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:400,700|Source+Code+Pro:300,600|Titillium+Web:400,600,700"
            rel="stylesheet">
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="{% static 'drf-yasg/swagger-ui-dist/swagger-ui.css' %}">
    <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="{% static 'drf-yasg/swagger-ui-dist/favicon-32x32.png' %}"
          sizes="32x32"/>
    <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="{% static 'drf-yasg/swagger-ui-dist/favicon-16x16.png' %}"
          sizes="16x16"/>
    <style>
        html {
            box-sizing: border-box;
            overflow: -moz-scrollbars-vertical;
            overflow-y: scroll;
        }
-    {% block extra_head %}
+        *,
-        {# -- Add any extra HTML heads tags here - except scripts and styles -- #}
+        *:before,
-    {% endblock %}
+        *:after {
            box-sizing: inherit;
        }
-    {% block favicon %}
+        body {
-        {# -- Maybe replace the favicon -- #}
+            margin: 0;
-        <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="{% static 'drf-yasg/swagger-ui-dist/favicon-32x32.png' %}"/>
+            background: #fafafa;
-    {% endblock %}
+        }
-    {% block main_styles %}
+        #django-session-auth {
-        <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="{% static 'drf-yasg/style.css' %}"/>
+            margin-right: 8px;
-        <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="{% static 'drf-yasg/swagger-ui-dist/swagger-ui.css' %}">
+        }
-    {% endblock %}
+
-    {% block extra_styles %}
+        .hidden {
-        {# -- Add any additional CSS scripts here -- #}
+            display: none;
-    {% endblock %}
+        }
        #django-session-auth > div {
            display: inline-block;
        }
        #django-session-auth .btn.authorize {
            padding: 10px 23px;
        }
        #django-session-auth .btn.authorize a {
            color: #49cc90;
            text-decoration: none;
        }
        #django-session-auth .hello {
            margin-right: 5px;
        }
        #django-session-auth .hello .django-session {
            font-weight: bold;
        }
        .label {
            display: inline;
            padding: .2em .6em .3em;
            font-weight: 700;
            line-height: 1;
            color: #fff;
            text-align: center;
            white-space: nowrap;
            vertical-align: baseline;
            border-radius: .25em;
        }
        .label-primary {
            background-color: #337ab7;
        }
        .divider {
            margin-right: 8px;
            background: #16222c44;
            width: 2px;
        }
    </style>
 </head>
-<body class="swagger-body">
+<body>
-{% block extra_body %}
+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="position:absolute;width:0;height:0">
-    {# -- Add any header/body markup here (rendered BEFORE the swagger-ui/redoc element) -- #}
+    <defs>
-{% endblock %}
+        <symbol viewBox="0 0 20 20" id="unlocked">
            <path
                    d="M15.8 8H14V5.6C14 2.703 12.665 1 10 1 7.334 1 6 2.703 6 5.6V6h2v-.801C8 3.754 8.797 3 10 3c1.203 0 2 .754 2 2.199V8H4c-.553 0-1 .646-1 1.199V17c0 .549.428 1.139.951 1.307l1.197.387C5.672 18.861 6.55 19 7.1 19h5.8c.549 0 1.428-.139 1.951-.307l1.196-.387c.524-.167.953-.757.953-1.306V9.199C17 8.646 16.352 8 15.8 8z"></path>
        </symbol>
        <symbol viewBox="0 0 20 20" id="locked">
            <path
                    d="M15.8 8H14V5.6C14 2.703 12.665 1 10 1 7.334 1 6 2.703 6 5.6V8H4c-.553 0-1 .646-1 1.199V17c0 .549.428 1.139.951 1.307l1.197.387C5.672 18.861 6.55 19 7.1 19h5.8c.549 0 1.428-.139 1.951-.307l1.196-.387c.524-.167.953-.757.953-1.306V9.199C17 8.646 16.352 8 15.8 8zM12 8H8V5.199C8 3.754 8.797 3 10 3c1.203 0 2 .754 2 2.199V8z"></path>
        </symbol>
        <symbol viewBox="0 0 20 20" id="close">
            <path
                    d="M14.348 14.849c-.469.469-1.229.469-1.697 0L10 11.819l-2.651 3.029c-.469.469-1.229.469-1.697 0-.469-.469-.469-1.229 0-1.697l2.758-3.15-2.759-3.152c-.469-.469-.469-1.228 0-1.697.469-.469 1.228-.469 1.697 0L10 8.183l2.651-3.031c.469-.469 1.228-.469 1.697 0 .469.469.469 1.229 0 1.697l-2.758 3.152 2.758 3.15c.469.469.469 1.229 0 1.698z"></path>
        </symbol>
        <symbol viewBox="0 0 20 20" id="large-arrow">
            <path
                    d="M13.25 10L6.109 2.58c-.268-.27-.268-.707 0-.979.268-.27.701-.27.969 0l7.83 7.908c.268.271.268.709 0 .979l-7.83 7.908c-.268.271-.701.27-.969 0-.268-.269-.268-.707 0-.979L13.25 10z"></path>
        </symbol>
        <symbol viewBox="0 0 20 20" id="large-arrow-down">
            <path
                    d="M17.418 6.109c.272-.268.709-.268.979 0s.271.701 0 .969l-7.908 7.83c-.27.268-.707.268-.979 0l-7.908-7.83c-.27-.268-.27-.701 0-.969.271-.268.709-.268.979 0L10 13.25l7.418-7.141z"></path>
        </symbol>
        <symbol viewBox="0 0 24 24" id="jump-to">
            <path d="M19 7v4H5.83l3.58-3.59L8 6l-6 6 6 6 1.41-1.41L5.83 13H21V7z"></path>
        </symbol>
        <symbol viewBox="0 0 24 24" id="expand">
            <path d="M10 18h4v-2h-4v2zM3 6v2h18V6H3zm3 7h12v-2H6v2z"></path>
        </symbol>
    </defs>
 </svg>
 <div id="swagger-ui"></div>
 <div id="spec-error" class="hidden alert alert-danger"></div>
-{% block footer %}
+<script>
-    {# -- Add any footer markup here (rendered AFTER the swagger-ui/redoc element) -- #}
+    "use strict";
-{% endblock %}
+    var currentPath = window.location.protocol + "//" + window.location.host + window.location.pathname;
    var specURL = currentPath + '?format=openapi';
-<script id="swagger-settings" type="application/json">{{ swagger_settings | safe }}</script>
+    function patchSwaggerUi() {
-<script id="oauth2-config" type="application/json">{{ oauth2_config | safe }}</script>
+        var authWrapper = document.querySelector('.auth-wrapper');
        var authorizeButton = document.querySelector('.auth-wrapper .authorize');
        var djangoSessionAuth = document.querySelector('#django-session-auth');
        if (document.querySelector('.auth-wrapper #django-session-auth')) {
            console.log("session auth already patched");
            return;
        }
-{% block main_scripts %}
+        authWrapper.insertBefore(djangoSessionAuth, authorizeButton);
-    <script src="{% static 'drf-yasg/swagger-ui-dist/swagger-ui-bundle.js' %}"></script>
+        djangoSessionAuth.classList.remove("hidden");
    <script src="{% static 'drf-yasg/swagger-ui-dist/swagger-ui-standalone-preset.js' %}"></script>
    <script src="{% static 'drf-yasg/insQ.min.js' %}"></script>
    <script src="{% static 'drf-yasg/immutable.min.js' %}"></script>
    <script src="{% static 'drf-yasg/url-polyfill.min.js' %}"></script>
    <script src="{% static 'drf-yasg/swagger-ui-init.js' %}"></script>
 {% endblock %}
 {% block extra_scripts %}
    {# -- Add any additional scripts here -- #}
 {% endblock %}
-<a id="oauth2-redirect-url" href="{% static 'drf-yasg/swagger-ui-dist/oauth2-redirect.html' %}" class="hidden"></a>
+        var divider = document.createElement("div");
        divider.classList.add("divider");
        authWrapper.insertBefore(divider, authorizeButton);
    }
-{% if USE_SESSION_AUTH %}
+    function initSwaggerUi() {
-    <div id="django-session-auth" class="hidden">
+        var swaggerConfig = {
-        {% block session_auth_button %}
+            url: specURL,
-            {% csrf_token %}
+            dom_id: '#swagger-ui',
            displayOperationId: true,
            displayRequestDuration: true,
            presets: [
                SwaggerUIBundle.presets.apis,
                SwaggerUIStandalonePreset
            ],
            plugins: [
                SwaggerUIBundle.plugins.DownloadUrl
            ],
            layout: "StandaloneLayout",
            filter: true,
            requestInterceptor: function(request) {
                var headers = request.headers || {};
                var csrftoken = document.querySelector("[name=csrfmiddlewaretoken]");
                if (csrftoken) {
                    headers["X-CSRFToken"] = csrftoken.value;
                }
                return request;
            }
        };
-            {% block user_context_message %}
+        var swaggerSettings = {};
-                {% if request.user.is_authenticated %}
+        swaggerSettings = {{ swagger_settings | safe }};
-                    <div class="hello">
+        console.log(swaggerSettings);
-                        <span class="django-session">Django</span> <span
+        for (var p in swaggerSettings) {
-                            class="label label-primary">{{ request.user }}</span>
+            if (swaggerSettings.hasOwnProperty(p)) {
-                    </div>
+                swaggerConfig[p] = swaggerSettings[p];
-                {% endif %}
+            }
-            {% endblock %}
+        }
        window.ui = SwaggerUIBundle(swaggerConfig);
    }
-            {% if request.user.is_authenticated %}
+    window.onload = function () {
-                <div class='btn authorize'>
+        insertionQ('.auth-wrapper .authorize').every(patchSwaggerUi);
-                    <a id="auth" class="header__btn" href="{{ LOGOUT_URL }}?next={{ request.path }}" data-sw-translate>
+        initSwaggerUi();
-                        {% block django_logout_message %}
+    };
-                            Django Logout
+</script>
-                        {% endblock %}
+
-                    </a>
+<script src="{% static 'drf-yasg/swagger-ui-dist/swagger-ui-bundle.js' %}"></script>
-                </div>
+<script src="{% static 'drf-yasg/swagger-ui-dist/swagger-ui-standalone-preset.js' %}"></script>
-            {% else %}
+<script src="{% static 'drf-yasg/insQ.min.js' %}"></script>
-                <div class='btn authorize'>
+
-                    <a id="auth" class="header__btn" href="{{ LOGIN_URL }}?next={{ request.path }}" data-sw-translate>
+<div id="django-session-auth" class="hidden">
-                        {% block django_login_message %}
+    {% if USE_SESSION_AUTH %}
-                            Django Login
+        {% csrf_token %}
-                        {% endblock %}
+        {% if request.user.is_authenticated %}
-                    </a>
+            <div class="hello">
-                </div>
+                <span class="django-session">Django</span> <span class="label label-primary">{{ request.user }}</span>
-            {% endif %}
+            </div>
-        {% endblock %}
+        {% endif %}
-    </div>
+
-{% endif %}
+        {% if request.user.is_authenticated %}
            <div class='btn authorize'>
                <a id="auth" class="header__btn" href="{{ LOGOUT_URL }}?next={{ request.path }}" data-sw-translate>
                    Django Logout
                </a>
            </div>
        {% else %}
            <div class='btn authorize'>
                <a id="auth" class="header__btn" href="{{ LOGIN_URL }}?next={{ request.path }}" data-sw-translate>
                    Django Login
                </a>
            </div>
        {% endif %}
    {% endif %}
 </div>
 </body>
 </html>
--- a/src/drf_yasg/utils.py
+++ b/src/drf_yasg/utils.py
@ -1,39 +1,20 @@
 import inspect
 import logging
 import sys
 import textwrap
 from collections import OrderedDict
 from decimal import Decimal
-from django.db import models
+from rest_framework import status, serializers
-from django.utils.encoding import force_str
+from rest_framework.mixins import RetrieveModelMixin, DestroyModelMixin, UpdateModelMixin
 from rest_framework import serializers, status
 from rest_framework.mixins import DestroyModelMixin, ListModelMixin, RetrieveModelMixin, UpdateModelMixin
 from rest_framework.parsers import FileUploadParser
 from rest_framework.request import is_form_media_type
 from rest_framework.settings import api_settings as rest_framework_settings
 from rest_framework.utils import encoders, json
 from rest_framework.views import APIView
 from .app_settings import swagger_settings
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-
+#: used to forcibly remove the body of a request via :func:`.swagger_auto_schema`
-class no_body(object):
+no_body = object()
    """Used as a sentinel value to forcibly remove the body of a request via :func:`.swagger_auto_schema`."""
    pass
-class unset(object):
+def swagger_auto_schema(method=None, methods=None, auto_schema=None, request_body=None, query_serializer=None,
-    """Used as a sentinel value for function parameters not set by the caller where ``None`` would be a valid value."""
+                        manual_parameters=None, operation_id=None, operation_description=None, responses=None,
-    pass
+                        field_inspectors=None, filter_inspectors=None, paginator_inspectors=None,
-
+                        **extra_overrides):
 def swagger_auto_schema(method=None, methods=None, auto_schema=unset, request_body=None, query_serializer=None,
                        manual_parameters=None, operation_id=None, operation_description=None, operation_summary=None,
                        security=None, deprecated=None, responses=None, field_inspectors=None, filter_inspectors=None,
                        paginator_inspectors=None, tags=None, **extra_overrides):
    """Decorate a view method to customize the :class:`.Operation` object generated from it.
    `method` and `methods` are mutually exclusive and must only be present when decorating a view method that accepts
@ -41,25 +22,29 @@ def swagger_auto_schema(method=None, methods=None, auto_schema=unset, request_bo
    The `auto_schema` and `operation_description` arguments take precendence over view- or method-level values.
    .. versionchanged:: 1.1
       Added the ``extra_overrides`` and ``operatiod_id`` parameters.
    .. versionchanged:: 1.1
       Added the ``field_inspectors``, ``filter_inspectors`` and ``paginator_inspectors`` parameters.
    :param str method: for multi-method views, the http method the options should apply to
    :param list[str] methods: for multi-method views, the http methods the options should apply to
-    :param drf_yasg.inspectors.SwaggerAutoSchema auto_schema: custom class to use for generating the Operation object;
+    :param .inspectors.SwaggerAutoSchema auto_schema: custom class to use for generating the Operation object;
        this overrides both the class-level ``swagger_schema`` attribute and the ``DEFAULT_AUTO_SCHEMA_CLASS``
-        setting, and can be set to ``None`` to prevent this operation from being generated
+        setting
-    :param request_body: custom request body which will be used as the ``schema`` property of a
+    :param .Schema,.SchemaRef,.Serializer request_body: custom request body, or :data:`.no_body`. The value given here
-        :class:`.Parameter` with ``in: 'body'``.
+        will be used as the ``schema`` property of a :class:`.Parameter` with ``in: 'body'``.
        A Schema or SchemaRef is not valid if this request consumes form-data, because ``form`` and ``body`` parameters
        are mutually exclusive in an :class:`.Operation`. If you need to set custom ``form`` parameters, you can use
        the `manual_parameters` argument.
        If a ``Serializer`` class or instance is given, it will be automatically converted into a :class:`.Schema`
-        used as a ``body`` :class:`.Parameter`, or into a list of ``form`` :class:`.Parameter`\\ s, as appropriate.
+        used as a ``body`` :class:`.Parameter`, or into a list of  ``form`` :class:`.Parameter`\ s, as appropriate.
    :type request_body: drf_yasg.openapi.Schema or drf_yasg.openapi.SchemaRef  or rest_framework.serializers.Serializer
        or type[no_body]
-    :param rest_framework.serializers.Serializer query_serializer: if you use a ``Serializer`` to parse query
+    :param .Serializer query_serializer: if you use a ``Serializer`` to parse query parameters, you can pass it here
-        parameters, you can pass it here and have :class:`.Parameter` objects be generated automatically from it.
+        and have :class:`.Parameter` objects be generated automatically from it.
        If any ``Field`` on the serializer cannot be represented as a ``query`` :class:`.Parameter`
        (e.g. nested Serializers, file fields, ...), the schema generation will fail with an error.
@ -67,123 +52,93 @@ def swagger_auto_schema(method=None, methods=None, auto_schema=unset, request_bo
        Schema generation will also fail if the name of any Field on the `query_serializer` conflicts with parameters
        generated by ``filter_backends`` or ``paginator``.
-    :param list[drf_yasg.openapi.Parameter] manual_parameters: a list of manual parameters to override the
+    :param list[.Parameter] manual_parameters: a list of manual parameters to override the automatically generated ones
        automatically generated ones
-        :class:`.Parameter`\\ s are identified by their (``name``, ``in``) combination, and any parameters given
+        :class:`.Parameter`\ s are identified by their (``name``, ``in``) combination, and any parameters given
        here will fully override automatically generated parameters if they collide.
        It is an error to supply ``form`` parameters when the request does not consume form-data.
    :param str operation_id: operation ID override; the operation ID must be unique accross the whole API
    :param str operation_description: operation description override
-    :param str operation_summary: operation summary string
+    :param dict[str,(.Schema,.SchemaRef,.Response,str,Serializer)] responses: a dict of documented manual responses
    :param list[dict] security: security requirements override; used to specify which authetication mechanism
        is requried to call this API; an empty list marks the endpoint as unauthenticated (i.e. removes all accepted
        authentication schemes), and ``None`` will inherit the top-level secuirty requirements
    :param bool deprecated: deprecation status for operation
    :param responses: a dict of documented manual responses
        keyed on response status code. If no success (``2xx``) response is given, one will automatically be
        generated from the request body and http method. If any ``2xx`` response is given the automatic response is
        suppressed.
        * if a plain string is given as value, a :class:`.Response` with no body and that string as its description
          will be generated
        * if ``None`` is given as a value, the response is ignored; this is mainly useful for disabling default
          2xx responses, i.e. ``responses={200: None, 302: 'something'}``
        * if a :class:`.Schema`, :class:`.SchemaRef` is given, a :class:`.Response` with the schema as its body and
          an empty description will be generated
        * a ``Serializer`` class or instance will be converted into a :class:`.Schema` and treated as above
        * a :class:`.Response` object will be used as-is; however if its ``schema`` attribute is a ``Serializer``,
          it will automatically be converted into a :class:`.Schema`
    :type responses: dict[int or str, (drf_yasg.openapi.Schema or drf_yasg.openapi.SchemaRef or
        drf_yasg.openapi.Response or str or rest_framework.serializers.Serializer)]
-    :param list[type[drf_yasg.inspectors.FieldInspector]] field_inspectors: extra serializer and field inspectors; these
+    :param list[.FieldInspector] field_inspectors: extra serializer and field inspectors; these will be tried
-        will be tried before :attr:`.ViewInspector.field_inspectors` on the :class:`.inspectors.SwaggerAutoSchema`
+        before :attr:`.ViewInspector.field_inspectors` on the :class:`.inspectors.SwaggerAutoSchema` instance
-    :param list[type[drf_yasg.inspectors.FilterInspector]] filter_inspectors: extra filter inspectors; these will be
+    :param list[.FilterInspector] filter_inspectors: extra filter inspectors; these will be tried before
-        tried before :attr:`.ViewInspector.filter_inspectors` on the :class:`.inspectors.SwaggerAutoSchema`
+        :attr:`.ViewInspector.filter_inspectors` on the :class:`.inspectors.SwaggerAutoSchema` instance
-    :param list[type[drf_yasg.inspectors.PaginatorInspector]] paginator_inspectors: extra paginator inspectors; these
+    :param list[.PaginatorInspector] paginator_inspectors: extra paginator inspectors; these will be tried before
-        will be tried before :attr:`.ViewInspector.paginator_inspectors` on the :class:`.inspectors.SwaggerAutoSchema`
+        :attr:`.ViewInspector.paginator_inspectors` on the :class:`.inspectors.SwaggerAutoSchema` instance
    :param list[str] tags: tags override
    :param extra_overrides: extra values that will be saved into the ``overrides`` dict; these values will be available
        in the handling :class:`.inspectors.SwaggerAutoSchema` instance via ``self.overrides``
    """
    def decorator(view_method):
        assert not any(hm in extra_overrides for hm in APIView.http_method_names), "HTTP method names not allowed here"
        data = {
            'auto_schema': auto_schema,
            'request_body': request_body,
            'query_serializer': query_serializer,
            'manual_parameters': manual_parameters,
            'operation_id': operation_id,
            'operation_summary': operation_summary,
            'deprecated': deprecated,
            'operation_description': operation_description,
            'security': security,
            'responses': responses,
            'filter_inspectors': list(filter_inspectors) if filter_inspectors else None,
            'paginator_inspectors': list(paginator_inspectors) if paginator_inspectors else None,
            'field_inspectors': list(field_inspectors) if field_inspectors else None,
            'tags': list(tags) if tags else None,
        }
-        data = filter_none(data)
+        data = {k: v for k, v in data.items() if v is not None}
        if auto_schema is not unset:
            data['auto_schema'] = auto_schema
        data.update(extra_overrides)
        if not data:  # pragma: no cover
            # no overrides to set, no use in doing more work
            return view_method
-        # if the method is an @action, it will have a bind_to_methods attribute, or a mapping attribute for drf>3.8
+        # if the method is a detail_route or list_route, it will have a bind_to_methods attribute
        bind_to_methods = getattr(view_method, 'bind_to_methods', [])
        mapping = getattr(view_method, 'mapping', {})
        mapping_methods = [mth for mth, name in mapping.items() if name == view_method.__name__]
        action_http_methods = bind_to_methods + mapping_methods
        # if the method is actually a function based view (@api_view), it will have a 'cls' attribute
        view_cls = getattr(view_method, 'cls', None)
-        api_view_http_methods = [m for m in getattr(view_cls, 'http_method_names', []) if hasattr(view_cls, m)]
+        http_method_names = getattr(view_cls, 'http_method_names', [])
        if bind_to_methods or http_method_names:
            # detail_route, list_route or api_view
            assert bool(http_method_names) != bool(bind_to_methods), "this should never happen"
            available_methods = http_method_names + bind_to_methods
            existing_data = getattr(view_method, '_swagger_auto_schema', {})
-        available_http_methods = api_view_http_methods + action_http_methods
+            if http_method_names:
-        existing_data = getattr(view_method, '_swagger_auto_schema', {})
+                _route = "api_view"
        _methods = methods
        if methods or method:
            assert available_http_methods, "`method` or `methods` can only be specified on @action or @api_view views"
            assert bool(methods) != bool(method), "specify either method or methods"
            assert not isinstance(methods, str), "`methods` expects to receive a list of methods;" \
                                                 " use `method` for a single argument"
            if method:
                _methods = [method.lower()]
            else:
-                _methods = [mth.lower() for mth in methods]
+                _route = "detail_route" if view_method.detail else "list_route"
            assert all(mth in available_http_methods for mth in _methods), "http method not bound to view"
            assert not any(mth in existing_data for mth in _methods), "http method defined multiple times"
-        if available_http_methods:
+            _methods = methods
-            # action or api_view
+            if len(available_methods) > 1:
-            assert bool(api_view_http_methods) != bool(action_http_methods), "this should never happen"
+                assert methods or method, \
                    "on multi-method %s, you must specify swagger_auto_schema on a per-method basis " \
                    "using one of the `method` or `methods` arguments" % _route
                assert bool(methods) != bool(method), "specify either method or methods"
                assert not isinstance(methods, str), "`methods` expects to receive a list of methods;" \
                                                     " use `method` for a single argument"
                if method:
                    _methods = [method.lower()]
                else:
                    _methods = [mth.lower() for mth in methods]
                assert not any(mth in existing_data for mth in _methods), "method defined multiple times"
                assert all(mth in available_methods for mth in _methods), "method not bound to %s" % _route
-            if len(available_http_methods) > 1:
+                existing_data.update((mth.lower(), data) for mth in _methods)
                assert _methods, \
                    "on multi-method api_view or action, you must specify " \
                    "swagger_auto_schema on a per-method basis using one of the `method` or `methods` arguments"
            else:
-                # for a single-method view we assume that single method as the decorator target
+                existing_data[available_methods[0]] = data
                _methods = _methods or available_http_methods
            assert not any(hasattr(getattr(view_cls, mth, None), '_swagger_auto_schema') for mth in _methods), \
                "swagger_auto_schema applied twice to method"
            assert not any(mth in existing_data for mth in _methods), "swagger_auto_schema applied twice to method"
            existing_data.update((mth.lower(), data) for mth in _methods)
            view_method._swagger_auto_schema = existing_data
        else:
-            assert not _methods, \
+            assert method is None and methods is None, \
-                "the methods argument should only be specified when decorating an action; " \
+                "the methods argument should only be specified when decorating a detail_route or list_route; you " \
-                "you should also ensure that you put the swagger_auto_schema decorator " \
+                "should also ensure that you put the swagger_auto_schema decorator AFTER (above) the _route decorator"
                "AFTER (above) the _route decorator"
            assert not existing_data, "swagger_auto_schema applied twice to method"
            view_method._swagger_auto_schema = data
        return view_method
@ -191,23 +146,6 @@ def swagger_auto_schema(method=None, methods=None, auto_schema=unset, request_bo
    return decorator
 def swagger_serializer_method(serializer_or_field):
    """
    Decorates the method of a serializers.SerializerMethodField
    to hint as to how Swagger should be generated for this field.
    :param serializer_or_field: ``Serializer``/``Field`` class or instance
    :return:
    """
    def decorator(serializer_method):
        # stash the serializer for SerializerMethodFieldInspector to find
        serializer_method._swagger_serializer = serializer_or_field
        return serializer_method
    return decorator
 def is_list_view(path, method, view):
    """Check if the given path/method appears to represent a list view (as opposed to a detail/instance view).
@ -216,22 +154,19 @@ def is_list_view(path, method, view):
    :param APIView view: target view
    :rtype: bool
    """
-    # for ViewSets, it could be the default 'list' action, or an @action(detail=False)
+    # for ViewSets, it could be the default 'list' action, or a list_route
    action = getattr(view, 'action', '')
-    method = getattr(view, action, None) or method
+    method = getattr(view, action, None)
    detail = getattr(method, 'detail', None)
    suffix = getattr(view, 'suffix', None)
    if action in ('list', 'create') or detail is False or suffix == 'List':
        return True
    if action in ('retrieve', 'update', 'partial_update', 'destroy') or detail is True or suffix == 'Instance':
-        # a detail action is surely not a list route
+        # a detail_route is surely not a list route
        return False
-    if isinstance(view, ListModelMixin):
+    # for APIView, if it's a detail view it can't also be a list view
        return True
    # for GenericAPIView, if it's a detail view it can't also be a list view
    if isinstance(view, (RetrieveModelMixin, UpdateModelMixin, DestroyModelMixin)):
        return False
@ -259,35 +194,19 @@ def param_list_to_odict(parameters):
    Raises an ``AssertionError`` if `parameters` contains duplicate parameters (by their name + in combination).
-    :param list[drf_yasg.openapi.Parameter] parameters: the list of parameters
+    :param list[.Parameter] parameters: the list of parameters
    :return: `parameters` keyed by ``(name, in_)``
-    :rtype: dict[(str,str),drf_yasg.openapi.Parameter]
+    :rtype: dict[tuple(str,str),.Parameter]
    """
    result = OrderedDict(((param.name, param.in_), param) for param in parameters)
    assert len(result) == len(parameters), "duplicate Parameters found"
    return result
 def merge_params(parameters, overrides):
    """Merge `overrides` into `parameters`. This is the same as appending `overrides` to `parameters`, but any element
    of `parameters` whose ``(name, in_)`` tuple collides with an element in `overrides` is replaced by it.
    Raises an ``AssertionError`` if either list contains duplicate parameters.
    :param list[drf_yasg.openapi.Parameter] parameters: initial parameters
    :param list[drf_yasg.openapi.Parameter] overrides: overriding parameters
    :return: merged list
    :rtype: list[drf_yasg.openapi.Parameter]
    """
    parameters = param_list_to_odict(parameters)
    parameters.update(param_list_to_odict(overrides))
    return list(parameters.values())
 def filter_none(obj):
    """Remove ``None`` values from tuples, lists or dictionaries. Return other objects as-is.
-    :param obj: the object
+    :param obj:
    :return: collection with ``None`` values removed
    """
    if obj is None:
@ -307,9 +226,7 @@ def force_serializer_instance(serializer):
    an assertion error.
    :param serializer: serializer class or instance
    :type serializer: serializers.BaseSerializer or type[serializers.BaseSerializer]
    :return: serializer instance
    :rtype: serializers.BaseSerializer
    """
    if inspect.isclass(serializer):
        assert issubclass(serializer, serializers.BaseSerializer), "Serializer required, not %s" % serializer.__name__
@ -318,199 +235,3 @@ def force_serializer_instance(serializer):
    assert isinstance(serializer, serializers.BaseSerializer), \
        "Serializer class or instance required, not %s" % type(serializer).__name__
    return serializer
 def get_serializer_class(serializer):
    """Given a ``Serializer`` class or intance, return the ``Serializer`` class. If `serializer` is not a ``Serializer``
    class or instance, raises an assertion error.
    :param serializer: serializer class or instance, or ``None``
    :return: serializer class
    :rtype: type[serializers.BaseSerializer]
    """
    if serializer is None:
        return None
    if inspect.isclass(serializer):
        assert issubclass(serializer, serializers.BaseSerializer), "Serializer required, not %s" % serializer.__name__
        return serializer
    assert isinstance(serializer, serializers.BaseSerializer), \
        "Serializer class or instance required, not %s" % type(serializer).__name__
    return type(serializer)
 def get_object_classes(classes_or_instances, expected_base_class=None):
    """Given a list of instances or class objects, return the list of their classes.
    :param classes_or_instances: mixed list to parse
    :type classes_or_instances: list[type or object]
    :param expected_base_class: if given, only subclasses or instances of this type will be returned
    :type expected_base_class: type
    :return: list of classes
    :rtype: list
    """
    classes_or_instances = classes_or_instances or []
    result = []
    for obj in classes_or_instances:
        if inspect.isclass(obj):
            if not expected_base_class or issubclass(obj, expected_base_class):
                result.append(obj)
        else:
            if not expected_base_class or isinstance(obj, expected_base_class):
                result.append(type(obj))
    return result
 def get_consumes(parser_classes):
    """Extract ``consumes`` MIME types from a list of parser classes.
    :param list parser_classes: parser classes
    :type parser_classes: list[rest_framework.parsers.BaseParser or type[rest_framework.parsers.BaseParser]]
    :return: MIME types for ``consumes``
    :rtype: list[str]
    """
    parser_classes = get_object_classes(parser_classes)
    parser_classes = [pc for pc in parser_classes if not issubclass(pc, FileUploadParser)]
    media_types = [parser.media_type for parser in parser_classes or []]
    non_form_media_types = [encoding for encoding in media_types if not is_form_media_type(encoding)]
    # Because swagger Parameter objects don't support complex data types (nested objects, arrays),
    # we can't use those unless we are sure the view *only* accepts form data
    # This means that a view won't support file upload in swagger unless it explicitly
    # sets its parser classes to include only form parsers
    if len(non_form_media_types) == 0:
        return media_types
    # If the form accepts both form data and another type, like json (which is the default config),
    # we will render its input as a Schema and thus it file parameters will be read-only
    return non_form_media_types
 def get_produces(renderer_classes):
    """Extract ``produces`` MIME types from a list of renderer classes.
    :param list renderer_classes: renderer classes
    :type renderer_classes: list[rest_framework.renderers.BaseRenderer or type[rest_framework.renderers.BaseRenderer]]
    :return: MIME types for ``produces``
    :rtype: list[str]
    """
    renderer_classes = get_object_classes(renderer_classes)
    media_types = [renderer.media_type for renderer in renderer_classes or []]
    media_types = [encoding for encoding in media_types
                   if not any(excluded in encoding for excluded in swagger_settings.EXCLUDED_MEDIA_TYPES)]
    return media_types
 def decimal_as_float(field):
    """Returns true if ``field`` is a django-rest-framework DecimalField and its ``coerce_to_string`` attribute or the
    ``COERCE_DECIMAL_TO_STRING`` setting is set to ``False``.
    :rtype: bool
    """
    if isinstance(field, serializers.DecimalField) or isinstance(field, models.DecimalField):
        return not getattr(field, 'coerce_to_string', rest_framework_settings.COERCE_DECIMAL_TO_STRING)
    return False
 def get_serializer_ref_name(serializer):
    """Get serializer's ref_name (or None for ModelSerializer if it is named 'NestedSerializer')
    :param serializer: Serializer instance
    :return: Serializer's ``ref_name`` or ``None`` for inline serializer
    :rtype: str or None
    """
    serializer_meta = getattr(serializer, 'Meta', None)
    serializer_name = type(serializer).__name__
    if hasattr(serializer_meta, 'ref_name'):
        ref_name = serializer_meta.ref_name
    elif serializer_name == 'NestedSerializer' and isinstance(serializer, serializers.ModelSerializer):
        logger.debug("Forcing inline output for ModelSerializer named 'NestedSerializer':\n" + str(serializer))
        ref_name = None
    else:
        ref_name = serializer_name
        if ref_name.endswith('Serializer'):
            ref_name = ref_name[:-len('Serializer')]
    return ref_name
 def force_real_str(s, encoding='utf-8', strings_only=False, errors='strict'):
    """
    Force `s` into a ``str`` instance.
    Fix for https://github.com/axnsan12/drf-yasg/issues/159
    """
    if s is not None:
        s = force_str(s, encoding, strings_only, errors)
        if type(s) != str:
            s = '' + s
        # Remove common indentation to get the correct Markdown rendering
        s = textwrap.dedent(s)
    return s
 def field_value_to_representation(field, value):
    """Convert a python value related to a field (default, choices, etc.) into its OpenAPI-compatible representation.
    :param serializers.Field field: field associated with the value
    :param object value: value
    :return: the converted value
    """
    value = field.to_representation(value)
    if isinstance(value, Decimal):
        if decimal_as_float(field):
            value = float(value)
        else:
            value = str(value)
    # JSON roundtrip ensures that the value is valid JSON;
    # for example, sets and tuples get transformed into lists
    return json.loads(json.dumps(value, cls=encoders.JSONEncoder))
 def get_field_default(field):
    """
    Get the default value for a field, converted to a JSON-compatible value while properly handling callables.
    :param field: field instance
    :return: default value
    """
    default = getattr(field, 'default', serializers.empty)
    if default is not serializers.empty:
        if callable(default):
            try:
                if hasattr(default, 'set_context'):
                    default.set_context(field)
                if getattr(default, 'requires_context', False):
                    default = default(field)
                else:
                    default = default()
            except Exception:  # pragma: no cover
                logger.warning("default for %s is callable but it raised an exception when "
                               "called; 'default' will not be set on schema", field, exc_info=True)
                default = serializers.empty
        if default is not serializers.empty and default is not None:
            try:
                default = field_value_to_representation(field, default)
            except Exception:  # pragma: no cover
                logger.warning("'default' on schema for %s will not be set because "
                               "to_representation raised an exception", field, exc_info=True)
                default = serializers.empty
    return default
 def dict_has_ordered_keys(obj):
    """Check if a given object is a dict that maintains insertion order.
    :param obj: the dict object to check
    :rtype: bool
    """
    if sys.version_info >= (3, 7):
        # the Python 3.7 language spec says that dict must maintain insertion order.
        return isinstance(obj, dict)
    return isinstance(obj, OrderedDict)
--- a/src/drf_yasg/views.py
+++ b/src/drf_yasg/views.py
@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 import warnings
-from functools import WRAPPER_ASSIGNMENTS, wraps
+from functools import wraps
 from django.utils.cache import add_never_cache_headers
 from django.utils.decorators import available_attrs
 from django.views.decorators.cache import cache_page
 from django.views.decorators.vary import vary_on_headers
 from rest_framework import exceptions
@ -9,17 +10,15 @@ from rest_framework.response import Response
 from rest_framework.settings import api_settings
 from rest_framework.views import APIView
-from .app_settings import swagger_settings
+from .generators import OpenAPISchemaGenerator
 from .renderers import (
-    OpenAPIRenderer, ReDocOldRenderer, ReDocRenderer, SwaggerJSONRenderer, SwaggerUIRenderer, SwaggerYAMLRenderer,
+    SwaggerJSONRenderer, SwaggerYAMLRenderer, SwaggerUIRenderer, ReDocRenderer, OpenAPIRenderer,
    _SpecRenderer
 )
 SPEC_RENDERERS = (SwaggerYAMLRenderer, SwaggerJSONRenderer, OpenAPIRenderer)
 UI_RENDERERS = {
    'swagger': (SwaggerUIRenderer, ReDocRenderer),
    'redoc': (ReDocRenderer, SwaggerUIRenderer),
    'redoc-old': (ReDocOldRenderer, ReDocRenderer, SwaggerUIRenderer),
 }
@ -29,7 +28,7 @@ def deferred_never_cache(view_func):
    never be cached.
    """
-    @wraps(view_func, assigned=WRAPPER_ASSIGNMENTS)
+    @wraps(view_func, assigned=available_attrs(view_func))
    def _wrapped_view_func(request, *args, **kwargs):
        response = view_func(request, *args, **kwargs)
@ -47,31 +46,29 @@ def deferred_never_cache(view_func):
    return _wrapped_view_func
-def get_schema_view(info=None, url=None, patterns=None, urlconf=None, public=False, validators=None,
+def get_schema_view(info, url=None, patterns=None, urlconf=None, public=False, validators=None,
-                    generator_class=None, authentication_classes=None, permission_classes=None):
+                    generator_class=OpenAPISchemaGenerator,
-    """Create a SchemaView class with default renderers and generators.
+                    authentication_classes=api_settings.DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES,
                    permission_classes=api_settings.DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES):
    """
    Create a SchemaView class with default renderers and generators.
-    :param .Info info: information about the API; if omitted, defaults to :ref:`DEFAULT_INFO <default-swagger-settings>`
+    :param .Info info: Required. Swagger API Info object
-    :param str url: same as :class:`.OpenAPISchemaGenerator`
+    :param str url: API base url; if left blank will be deduced from the location the view is served at
-    :param patterns: same as :class:`.OpenAPISchemaGenerator`
+    :param patterns: passed to SchemaGenerator
-    :param urlconf: same as :class:`.OpenAPISchemaGenerator`
+    :param urlconf: passed to SchemaGenerator
-    :param bool public: if False, includes only the endpoints that are accesible by the user viewing the schema
+    :param bool public: if False, includes only endpoints the current user has access to
-    :param list validators: a list of validator names to apply; the only allowed value is ``ssv``, for now
+    :param list validators: a list of validator names to apply; allowed values are ``flex``, ``ssv``
    :param type generator_class: schema generator class to use; should be a subclass of :class:`.OpenAPISchemaGenerator`
    :param tuple authentication_classes: authentication classes for the schema view itself
    :param tuple permission_classes: permission classes for the schema view itself
    :return: SchemaView class
-    :rtype: type[drf_yasg.views.SchemaView]
+    :rtype: type[.SchemaView]
    """
    _public = public
-    _generator_class = generator_class or swagger_settings.DEFAULT_GENERATOR_CLASS
+    _generator_class = generator_class
    _auth_classes = authentication_classes
    if _auth_classes is None:
        _auth_classes = api_settings.DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES
    _perm_classes = permission_classes
    if _perm_classes is None:
        _perm_classes = api_settings.DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES
    info = info or swagger_settings.DEFAULT_INFO
    validators = validators or []
    _spec_renderers = tuple(renderer.with_validators(validators) for renderer in SPEC_RENDERERS)
@ -85,12 +82,7 @@ def get_schema_view(info=None, url=None, patterns=None, urlconf=None, public=Fal
        renderer_classes = _spec_renderers
        def get(self, request, version='', format=None):
-            version = request.version or version or ''
+            generator = self.generator_class(info, request.version or version or '', url, patterns, urlconf)
            if isinstance(request.accepted_renderer, _SpecRenderer):
                generator = self.generator_class(info, version, url, patterns, urlconf)
            else:
                generator = self.generator_class(info, version, url, patterns=[])
            schema = generator.get_schema(request, self.public)
            if schema is None:
                raise exceptions.PermissionDenied()  # pragma: no cover
@ -102,7 +94,8 @@ def get_schema_view(info=None, url=None, patterns=None, urlconf=None, public=Fal
            Arguments described in :meth:`.as_cached_view`.
            """
-            view = vary_on_headers('Cookie', 'Authorization')(view)
+            if not cls.public:
                view = vary_on_headers('Cookie', 'Authorization')(view)
            view = cache_page(cache_timeout, **cache_kwargs)(view)
            view = deferred_never_cache(view)  # disable in-browser caching
            return view
@ -111,7 +104,7 @@ def get_schema_view(info=None, url=None, patterns=None, urlconf=None, public=Fal
        def as_cached_view(cls, cache_timeout=0, cache_kwargs=None, **initkwargs):
            """
            Calls .as_view() and wraps the result in a cache_page decorator.
-            See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/cache/
+            See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/topics/cache/
            :param int cache_timeout: same as cache_page; set to 0 for no cache
            :param dict cache_kwargs: dictionary of kwargs to be passed to cache_page
@ -130,7 +123,7 @@ def get_schema_view(info=None, url=None, patterns=None, urlconf=None, public=Fal
        def without_ui(cls, cache_timeout=0, cache_kwargs=None):
            """
            Instantiate this view with just JSON and YAML renderers, optionally wrapped with cache_page.
-            See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/cache/.
+            See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/topics/cache/.
            :param int cache_timeout: same as cache_page; set to 0 for no cache
            :param dict cache_kwargs: dictionary of kwargs to be passed to cache_page
@ -142,7 +135,7 @@ def get_schema_view(info=None, url=None, patterns=None, urlconf=None, public=Fal
        def with_ui(cls, renderer='swagger', cache_timeout=0, cache_kwargs=None):
            """
            Instantiate this view with a Web UI renderer, optionally wrapped with cache_page.
-            See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/cache/.
+            See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/topics/cache/.
            :param str renderer: UI renderer; allowed values are ``swagger``, ``redoc``
            :param int cache_timeout: same as cache_page; set to 0 for no cache
--- a/testproj/articles/migrations/0001_initial.py
+++ b/testproj/articles/migrations/0001_initial.py
@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
-# Generated by Django 2.0.1 on 2018-03-18 18:32
+# Generated by Django 2.0 on 2017-12-23 09:07
 from django.conf import settings
 from django.db import migrations, models
 import django.db.models.deletion
 import uuid
 class Migration(migrations.Migration):
@ -24,28 +23,8 @@ class Migration(migrations.Migration):
                ('slug', models.SlugField(blank=True, help_text='slug model help_text', unique=True)),
                ('date_created', models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)),
                ('date_modified', models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)),
                ('article_type', models.PositiveSmallIntegerField(choices=[(1, 'first'), (2, 'second'), (3, 'third'), (7, 'seven'), (8, 'eight')], help_text='IntegerField declared on model with choices=(...) and exposed via ModelSerializer', null=True)),
                ('cover', models.ImageField(blank=True, upload_to='article/original/')),
                ('author', models.ForeignKey(on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, related_name='articles', to=settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL)),
            ],
        ),
        migrations.CreateModel(
            name='ArticleGroup',
            fields=[
                ('id', models.AutoField(auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name='ID')),
                ('uuid', models.UUIDField(default=uuid.uuid4, editable=False, unique=True)),
                ('title', models.CharField(help_text='title model help_text', max_length=255, unique=True)),
                ('slug', models.SlugField(blank=True, help_text='slug model help_text', unique=True)),
            ],
        ),
        migrations.AddField(
            model_name='article',
            name='group',
            field=models.ForeignKey(blank=True, default=None, on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.PROTECT, related_name='articles_as_main', to='articles.ArticleGroup'),
        ),
        migrations.AddField(
            model_name='article',
            name='original_group',
            field=models.ForeignKey(blank=True, default=None, on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.PROTECT, related_name='articles_as_original', to='articles.ArticleGroup'),
        ),
    ]
--- a/testproj/articles/migrations/0002_article_read_only_nullable.py
+++ b/testproj/articles/migrations/0002_article_read_only_nullable.py
@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
 # Generated by Django 2.1.5 on 2019-03-02 03:51
 from django.db import migrations, models
 class Migration(migrations.Migration):
    dependencies = [
        ('articles', '0001_initial'),
    ]
    operations = [
        migrations.AddField(
            model_name='article',
            name='read_only_nullable',
            field=models.CharField(blank=True, max_length=20, null=True),
        ),
    ]
--- a/testproj/articles/models.py
+++ b/testproj/articles/models.py
@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
 import uuid
 from django.db import models
@ -10,21 +8,5 @@ class Article(models.Model):
    date_created = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
    date_modified = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)
    author = models.ForeignKey('auth.User', related_name='articles', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    article_type = models.PositiveSmallIntegerField(
        help_text="IntegerField declared on model with choices=(...) and exposed via ModelSerializer",
        choices=((1, "first"), (2, "second"), (3, "third"), (7, "seven"), (8, "eight")), null=True
    )
    cover = models.ImageField(upload_to='article/original/', blank=True)
    group = models.ForeignKey('ArticleGroup', related_name='articles_as_main', blank=True, default=None,
                              on_delete=models.PROTECT)
    original_group = models.ForeignKey('ArticleGroup', related_name='articles_as_original', blank=True, default=None,
                                       on_delete=models.PROTECT)
    read_only_nullable = models.CharField(max_length=20, null=True, blank=True)
 class ArticleGroup(models.Model):
    uuid = models.UUIDField(default=uuid.uuid4, editable=False, unique=True)
    title = models.CharField(help_text="title model help_text", max_length=255, blank=False, unique=True)
    slug = models.SlugField(help_text="slug model help_text", unique=True, blank=True)
--- a/testproj/articles/serializers.py
+++ b/testproj/articles/serializers.py
@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 from django.utils.translation import gettext_lazy as _
 from rest_framework import serializers
-from articles.models import Article, ArticleGroup
+from articles.models import Article
 from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
 class ArticleSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
@ -11,15 +11,14 @@ class ArticleSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
        read_only=True,
    )
    uuid = serializers.UUIDField(help_text="should articles have UUIDs?", read_only=True)
-    cover_name = serializers.FileField(use_url=False, source='cover', required=True)
+    cover_name = serializers.FileField(use_url=False, source='cover', read_only=True)
    group = serializers.SlugRelatedField(slug_field='uuid', queryset=ArticleGroup.objects.all())
    original_group = serializers.SlugRelatedField(slug_field='uuid', read_only=True)
    class Meta:
        model = Article
-        fields = ('title', 'author', 'body', 'slug', 'date_created', 'date_modified', 'read_only_nullable',
+        fields = ('title', 'author', 'body', 'slug', 'date_created', 'date_modified',
-                  'references', 'uuid', 'cover', 'cover_name', 'article_type', 'group', 'original_group', )
+                  'references', 'uuid', 'cover', 'cover_name')
-        read_only_fields = ('date_created', 'date_modified', 'references', 'uuid', 'cover_name', 'read_only_nullable')
+        read_only_fields = ('date_created', 'date_modified',
                            'references', 'uuid', 'cover_name')
        lookup_field = 'slug'
        extra_kwargs = {
            'body': {'help_text': 'body serializer help_text'},
@ -28,18 +27,11 @@ class ArticleSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
                'help_text': _("The ID of the user that created this article; if none is provided, "
                               "defaults to the currently logged in user.")
            },
            'read_only_nullable': {'allow_null': True},
        }
 class ImageUploadSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
-    image_id = serializers.UUIDField(read_only=True)
+    what_am_i_doing = serializers.RegexField(regex=r"^69$", help_text="test")
    what_am_i_doing = serializers.RegexField(
        regex=r"^69$",
        help_text="test",
        default="69",
        allow_null=True
    )
    image_styles = serializers.ListSerializer(
        child=serializers.ChoiceField(choices=['wide', 'tall', 'thumb', 'social']),
        help_text="Parameter with Items"
--- a/testproj/articles/views.py
+++ b/testproj/articles/views.py
@ -3,17 +3,18 @@ import datetime
 from django.utils.decorators import method_decorator
 from django_filters.rest_framework import DjangoFilterBackend
 from rest_framework import viewsets
 from rest_framework.decorators import detail_route, list_route
 from rest_framework.filters import OrderingFilter
 from rest_framework.pagination import LimitOffsetPagination
-from rest_framework.parsers import FileUploadParser, MultiPartParser
+from rest_framework.parsers import MultiPartParser
 from rest_framework.response import Response
 from articles import serializers
 from articles.models import Article
 from drf_yasg import openapi
 from drf_yasg.app_settings import swagger_settings
-from drf_yasg.inspectors import CoreAPICompatInspector, FieldInspector, NotHandled, SwaggerAutoSchema
+from drf_yasg.inspectors import SwaggerAutoSchema, FieldInspector, CoreAPICompatInspector, NotHandled
-from drf_yasg.utils import no_body, swagger_auto_schema
+from drf_yasg.utils import swagger_auto_schema
 class DjangoFilterDescriptionInspector(CoreAPICompatInspector):
@ -60,7 +61,7 @@ class ArticlePagination(LimitOffsetPagination):
@method_decorator(name='list', decorator=swagger_auto_schema(
    operation_description="description from swagger_auto_schema via method_decorator",
-    filter_inspectors=[DjangoFilterDescriptionInspector],
+    filter_inspectors=[DjangoFilterDescriptionInspector]
 ))
 class ArticleViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
    """
@ -82,19 +83,14 @@ class ArticleViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
    pagination_class = ArticlePagination
    filter_backends = (DjangoFilterBackend, OrderingFilter)
-    filterset_fields = ('title',)
+    filter_fields = ('title',)
    # django-filter 1.1 compatibility; was renamed to filterset_fields in 2.0
    # TODO: remove when dropping support for Django 1.11
    filter_fields = filterset_fields
    ordering_fields = ('date_modified', 'date_created')
    ordering = ('date_created',)
    swagger_schema = NoTitleAutoSchema
    from rest_framework.decorators import action
    @swagger_auto_schema(auto_schema=NoPagingAutoSchema, filter_inspectors=[DjangoFilterDescriptionInspector])
-    @action(detail=False, methods=['get'])
+    @list_route(methods=['get'])
    def today(self, request):
        today_min = datetime.datetime.combine(datetime.date.today(), datetime.time.min)
        today_max = datetime.datetime.combine(datetime.date.today(), datetime.time.max)
@ -104,25 +100,18 @@ class ArticleViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
    @swagger_auto_schema(method='get', operation_description="image GET description override")
    @swagger_auto_schema(method='post', request_body=serializers.ImageUploadSerializer)
-    @swagger_auto_schema(method='delete', manual_parameters=[openapi.Parameter(
+    @detail_route(methods=['get', 'post'], parser_classes=(MultiPartParser,))
        name='delete_form_param', in_=openapi.IN_FORM,
        type=openapi.TYPE_INTEGER,
        description="this should not crash (form parameter on DELETE method)"
    )])
    @action(detail=True, methods=['get', 'post', 'delete'], parser_classes=(MultiPartParser, FileUploadParser))
    def image(self, request, slug=None):
        """
        image method docstring
        """
        pass
    @swagger_auto_schema(request_body=no_body, operation_id='no_body_test')
    def update(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        """update method docstring"""
        return super(ArticleViewSet, self).update(request, *args, **kwargs)
-    @swagger_auto_schema(operation_description="partial_update description override", responses={404: 'slug not found'},
+    @swagger_auto_schema(operation_description="partial_update description override", responses={404: 'slug not found'})
                         operation_summary='partial_update summary', deprecated=True)
    def partial_update(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        """partial_update method docstring"""
        return super(ArticleViewSet, self).partial_update(request, *args, **kwargs)
--- a/testproj/createsuperuser.py
+++ b/testproj/createsuperuser.py
@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
 from django.contrib.auth.models import User
 User.objects.filter(username='admin').delete()
 User.objects.create_superuser('admin', 'admin@admin.admin', 'passwordadmin')
--- a/testproj/manage.py
+++ b/testproj/manage.py
@ -3,10 +3,13 @@ import os
 import sys
 if __name__ == "__main__":
-    os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "testproj.settings.local")
+    os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "testproj.settings")
    try:
        from django.core.management import execute_from_command_line
    except ImportError:
        # The above import may fail for some other reason. Ensure that the
        # issue is really that Django is missing to avoid masking other
        # exceptions on Python 2.
        try:
            import django  # noqa: F401
        except ImportError:
--- a/testproj/people/init.py
+++ b/testproj/people/init.py
--- a/testproj/people/apps.py
+++ b/testproj/people/apps.py
@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
 from django.apps import AppConfig
 class PeopleConfig(AppConfig):
    name = 'people'
--- a/testproj/people/migrations/0001_initial.py
+++ b/testproj/people/migrations/0001_initial.py
@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
 # Generated by Django 2.0.1 on 2018-03-18 18:32
 from django.db import migrations, models
 import django.db.models.deletion
 class Migration(migrations.Migration):
    initial = True
    dependencies = [
    ]
    operations = [
        migrations.CreateModel(
            name='Identity',
            fields=[
                ('id', models.AutoField(auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name='ID')),
                ('firstName', models.CharField(max_length=30, null=True)),
                ('lastName', models.CharField(max_length=30, null=True)),
            ],
        ),
        migrations.CreateModel(
            name='Person',
            fields=[
                ('id', models.AutoField(auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name='ID')),
                ('identity', models.OneToOneField(on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.PROTECT, related_name='person', to='people.Identity')),
            ],
        ),
    ]
--- a/testproj/people/migrations/0002_rename_identity_fields.py
+++ b/testproj/people/migrations/0002_rename_identity_fields.py
@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
 # Generated by Django 2.1 on 2018-08-06 13:34
 from django.db import migrations, models
 class Migration(migrations.Migration):
    dependencies = [
        ('people', '0001_initial'),
    ]
    operations = [
        migrations.AlterField(
            model_name='identity',
            name='lastName',
            field=models.CharField(help_text="<strong>Here's some HTML!</strong>", max_length=30, null=True),
        ),
        migrations.RenameField(
            model_name='identity',
            old_name='firstName',
            new_name='first_name',
        ),
        migrations.RenameField(
            model_name='identity',
            old_name='lastName',
            new_name='last_name',
        ),
    ]
--- a/testproj/people/migrations/init.py
+++ b/testproj/people/migrations/init.py
--- a/testproj/people/models.py
+++ b/testproj/people/models.py
@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
 from django.db import models
 from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe
 class Identity(models.Model):
    first_name = models.CharField(max_length=30, null=True)
    last_name = models.CharField(max_length=30, null=True, help_text=mark_safe("<strong>Here's some HTML!</strong>"))
 class Person(models.Model):
    identity = models.OneToOneField(Identity, related_name='person', on_delete=models.PROTECT)
--- a/testproj/people/serializers.py
+++ b/testproj/people/serializers.py
@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
 from rest_framework import serializers
 from .models import Identity, Person
 class IdentitySerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Identity
        fields = '__all__'
 class PersonSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    identity = IdentitySerializer()
    class Meta:
        model = Person
        fields = '__all__'
    def create(self, validated_data):
        identity = Identity(**validated_data['identity'])
        identity.save()
        validated_data['identity'] = identity
        return super().create(validated_data)
--- a/testproj/people/urls.py
+++ b/testproj/people/urls.py
@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
 from django.conf.urls import url
 from .views import IdentityViewSet, PersonViewSet
 person_list = PersonViewSet.as_view({
    'get': 'list',
    'post': 'create'
 })
 person_detail = PersonViewSet.as_view({
    'get': 'retrieve',
    'patch': 'partial_update',
    'delete': 'destroy'
 })
 identity_detail = IdentityViewSet.as_view({
    'get': 'retrieve',
    'patch': 'partial_update',
 })
 urlpatterns = (
    url(r'^$', person_list, name='people-list'),
    url(r'^(?P<pk>[0-9]+)$', person_detail, name='person-detail'),
    url(r'^(?P<person>[0-9]+)/identity$', identity_detail,
        name='person-identity'),
 )
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More
		`@ -1,2 +0,0 @@`
			`release: python testproj/manage.py migrate`
			`web: gunicorn --chdir testproj testproj.wsgi --log-file -`
		`@ -1,2 +0,0 @@`
			`# requirements for building and running tox`
			`tox>=3.3.0`
		`@ -0,0 +1 @@`
							`{"version":3,"sources":[],"names":[],"mappings":"","file":"swagger-ui.css","sourceRoot":""}`